The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2023
Multicenter StudyEffect of paediatric early warning systems (PEWS) implementation on clinical deterioration event mortality among children with cancer in resource-limited hospitals in Latin America: a prospective, multicentre cohort study.
Paediatric early warning systems (PEWS) aid in the early identification of clinical deterioration events in children admitted to hospital. We aimed to investigate the effect of PEWS implementation on mortality due to clinical deterioration in children with cancer in 32 resource-limited hospitals across Latin America. ⋯ For the Spanish and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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The lancet oncology · Aug 2023
Randomized Controlled TrialArtificial intelligence-supported screen reading versus standard double reading in the Mammography Screening with Artificial Intelligence trial (MASAI): a clinical safety analysis of a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority, single-blinded, screening accuracy study.
Retrospective studies have shown promising results using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve mammography screening accuracy and reduce screen-reading workload; however, to our knowledge, a randomised trial has not yet been conducted. We aimed to assess the clinical safety of an AI-supported screen-reading protocol compared with standard screen reading by radiologists following mammography. ⋯ Swedish Cancer Society, Confederation of Regional Cancer Centres, and the Swedish governmental funding for clinical research (ALF).
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The lancet oncology · Nov 2023
Multicenter StudyTailored immunotherapy approach with nivolumab with or without nivolumab plus ipilimumab as immunotherapeutic boost in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (TITAN-RCC): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab is approved as first-line regimen for intermediate-risk or poor-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and nivolumab monotherapy as second-line therapy for all risk groups. We aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination as an immunotherapeutic boost after no response to nivolumab monotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk and poor-risk clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma. ⋯ Bristol Myers Squibb.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2023
ReviewRadiotherapy resources in Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of current and projected needs based on International Atomic Energy Agency data.
The inequitable access to radiotherapy globally is a complex undertaking that will require sustained work identifying gaps and mobilising efforts to resolve. The purpose of this review is to identify gaps and needs in radiotherapy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Data from 41 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean on teletherapy megavoltage units and brachytherapy resources were extracted from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Directory of Radiotherapy Centers. ⋯ There is inequitable distribution of brachytherapy resources across the region primarily in the Caribbean. Adoption of hypofractionation can help overcome machine shortage; however, it will present technical challenges that need to be taken into account. Rays of Hope, is a novel IAEA initiative that is designed to mobilise global efforts to address radiotherapy gaps while ensuring the highest return on investment.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2024
Meta AnalysisTreatment-related adverse events, including fatal toxicities, in patients with solid tumours receiving neoadjuvant and adjuvant immune checkpoint blockade: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Incorporating immune checkpoint blockade into perioperative cancer therapy has improved clinical outcomes. However, the safety of immune checkpoint blockade needs better evaluation, given the chances of more prolonged disease-free survival. We aimed to assess how adding immune checkpoint blockade to perioperative therapy affects treatment-related adverse events. ⋯ None.