The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudySafety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial.
Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have few treatment options. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and antitumour activity of pembrolizumab, a humanised anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody, in patients with PD-L1-positive recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. ⋯ Merck & Co.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyCabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.
Cabozantinib is an oral inhibitor of tyrosine kinases including MET, VEGFR, and AXL. The randomised phase 3 METEOR trial compared the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib versus the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who progressed after previous VEGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor treatment. Here, we report the final overall survival results from this study based on an unplanned second interim analysis. ⋯ Exelixis Inc.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2016
Comparative StudyPreoperative or postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone for retroperitoneal sarcoma: a case-control, propensity score-matched analysis of a nationwide clinical oncology database.
Recruitment into clinical trials for retroperitoneal sarcoma has been challenging, resulting in termination of the only randomised multicentre trial in the USA investigating perioperative radiotherapy. Nonetheless, use of radiotherapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma has increased over the past decade, substantiated primarily by its established role in extremity sarcoma. In this study, we used a nationwide clinical oncology database to separately compare overall survival for patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma who had surgery and preoperative radiotherapy or surgery and postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone. ⋯ Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2016
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyNivolumab alone and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in recurrent small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 032): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 trial.
Treatments for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy are limited. We assessed safety and activity of nivolumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with SCLC who progressed after one or more previous regimens. ⋯ Bristol-Myers Squibb.
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Since the mid-1990s, there has been an increasing incidence of, and mortality from, cervical and breast cancers in Japan. Such an increase has raised concerns over the efficiency of Japan's screening programmes for these cancers. Although citizens benefit from universal health coverage, the Japanese health insurance system mostly focuses on tertiary prevention and disease treatment, while secondary prevention (screening) is low priority. ⋯ Despite this, however, participation is as low as 35% of the target population for both cancers. In this Policy Review, we discuss the challenges in the prevention of breast and cervical cancers in Japan, particularly focusing on the structure of the National Health Insurance system and the National Cancer Control Plan, reasons for low participation as a result of social and political attitudes, as well as providing recommendations to overcome these challenges. Japanese women would benefit from new measures to increase participation, a national data surveillance programme to monitor screening activities, and the implementation of a quality assurance system among all providers.