Current drug targets
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Current drug targets · Jan 2015
ReviewEndogenous Cardioprotective Agents: Role in Pre and Postconditioning.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death, chronic illness and disability in Western countries. The most common cause of CVD derives from the harmful effects of acute myocardial ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury. Cardioprotection against acute ischemia/ reperfusion injury is made possible by the "conditioning protocols." Conditioning is obtained by applying a few periods of brief ischemia and reperfusion in the event of prolonged (index) ischemia that may cause myocardial infarction. ⋯ Enphasis is given to endogenous cardioprotective agents acting or not on surface receptors, including chromogranin A derivatives, ghrelin-associated peptides, growth factors and cytokines, and to microvesicles and exosomes. Moreover the cardioprotective effects of gasotransmitters nitric oxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide are reviewed. The possible clinical translation of these knowledge for future successful therapies is briefly and critically discussed.
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Current drug targets · May 2014
ReviewHuman CDC2-like kinase 1 (CLK1): a novel target for Alzheimer's disease.
The cdc2-like kinases (CLKs) are an evolutionarily conserved group of dual specificity kinases belonging to the CMGC (cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), glycogen synthase kinases (GSK) and CDK-like kinases). The CLK family consists of four isoforms namely CLK1, CLK2, CLK3 and CLK4. The human CLK1 encoded protein comprises 454 amino acids and the catalytic domain of CLK1 exhibits the typical protein kinase fold. ⋯ X-ray crystallographic studies have revealed the binding mode of marine sponge metabolite hymenialdisine and a dichloroindolyl enamino nitrile (KH-CB19) to CLK1. This review focuses on the role of CLKs in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic potential of targeting CLK1 in Alzheimer's disease drug discovery and development. In addition, the recent developments in drug discovery efforts targeting human CLK1 are also highlighted.
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Current drug targets · Jan 2014
ReviewOxycodone/naloxone in the management of patients with pain and opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.
Common opioids adverse effects include opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD), which comprises opioid-induced constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, gastric stasis, bloating, and abdominal pain. Traditional laxatives which are often prescribed for the prevention and treatment of OIBD possess limited efficacy and display adverse effects. A targeted approach to OIBD management is the use of a combination of an opioid agonist with opioid receptor antagonist or administration of purely peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonists. ⋯ OXN is an important drug for chronic pain management, prevention and treatment of OIBD.
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Current drug targets · Jan 2014
ReviewIron deficiency: the hidden miscreant in inflammatory bowel disease.
Iron deficiency (ID) and anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) are the most common causes of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and frequently coexist. In these circumstances, detection of ID may be difficult as inflammation influences the parameters of iron metabolism. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) ranges between 36% and 76% in this population of patients. ⋯ Iron carboxymaltose has been shown to be safe and effective in IBD patients with IDA. Furthermore, it allows for rapid administration of high single doses, saving time and costs. If proven to be efficacious and well tolerated, it may become the standard therapy in the near future.
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Current drug targets · Nov 2013
ReviewJanus kinase inhibition with tofacitinib: changing the face of inflammatory bowel disease treatment.
The advent of anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) therapy has changed the way of treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, primary and secondary failure are relatively frequent with all anti-TNF agents, which are available only as parenteral agents. ⋯ First data in IBD are promising, especially in ulcerative colitis. Ongoing clinical trials in both UC and Crohn's disease (CD) are needed to further explore its efficacy in CD and to better assess its safety profile.