Emergency medicine journal : EMJ
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Observational Study
Characteristics of central lesions in patients with dizziness determined by diffusion MRI in the emergency department.
To describe the rate and risk factors of central lesions among patients with dizziness in the emergency department based on diffusion-weighted MRI, which otologists consulted for evaluation of patients with dizziness need to know. ⋯ Although dizziness in the ED is generally benign, the prevalence of acute central lesions was 3.6% among 645 patients with dizziness who underwent MRI. Old age (>50 years), hypertension, non-whirling type of dizziness symptoms and associated neurological symptoms were significant risk factors for central lesions.
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Rising intracranial pressure (ICP) is a poor prognostic indicator in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Both mannitol and hypertonic sodium solutions are used to treat raised ICP in patients with TBI. ⋯ The evidence shows that both agents effectively lower ICP. There is a trend favouring the use of hypertonic sodium solutions in patients with TBI.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
STOP!: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of methoxyflurane for the treatment of acute pain.
To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of methoxyflurane for the treatment of acute pain in patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) with minor trauma. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that methoxyflurane administered via the Penthrox inhaler is an efficacious, safe, and rapidly acting analgesic.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of oral midazolam plus oral ketamine for sedation of children during laceration repair.
To compare the efficacy of oral midazolam alone with a combination of oral midazolam and ketamine in children requiring laceration repair. ⋯ The trial was registered in www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01470157.
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There appears to be a paucity of studies examining the characteristics and impact of frequent users upon emergency medical services (EMS). ⋯ It is unknown to what extent frequent callers impact upon EMS resources. Research should identify predictors and characteristics of frequent users of EMS, and a consistent definition of a frequent caller to or user of EMS would provide greater comparability. The lack of studies identified in this review suggests that further research is needed in order to inform policy and practice.