Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
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We evaluated a vertical obturator nerve block (VOB) using a single morphological landmark and no additional distance measurement or obligatory changes of the needle's direction. ⋯ In this anatomical study, the VOB technique exhibits easy orientation without stimulation or ultrasound guidance. The nerve was located at a constant depth. The injection offered a high percentage of colored nerves.
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Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is now considered as a valuable source for stem cell-based therapies. Previous studies showed that intravascular injection of the HUCB significantly improves neurological functional recovery in a model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). To extend these findings, we examined the behavioral recovery and injured volume in the presence of increasing doses of human umbilical cord blood derived mononuclear cells (HUC-MCs) after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. ⋯ Injured volume measurements disclosed an inverse relationship between UC-MCs dose and damage reaching significance at the higher UC-MCs doses. Moreover, human UC-MCs were localized by immunohistochemistry only in the injured area. Intravenously transplanted UC-MCs can accelerate the neurological function recovery of ICH rat and diminish the striatum lesion size by demonstrating a dose relationship between them.
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Functional replacement of specific neuronal populations through transplantation of neural tissue represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD). Even though the brain is a partially immune privileged site, immunosuppression is still needed for the prevention of host immune response, and thus, xenograft rejection. Here, we investigated the fate of human ventral mesencephalon derived immortalized cell line ReNcell VM upon unilateral transplantation into the intact rat striatum with or without immunosuppression with cyclosporine A (CsA). ⋯ Immunohistochemical analysis of grafted cells showed almost no evidence of neuronal differentiation, but rather astroglial development. In summary, we have shown that the immunosuppression is needed for the survival of human VM derived progenitor cells in the rat striatum. CsA affected cell survival, but not differentiation capacity: in both groups, grafted either with or without immunosuppression, the ReNcell VM cells lacked neuronal phenotype and developed preferentially into astroglia.
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The dissection course (DC) is an essential part of the preclinical medical curriculum that mediates professionalism. The process of dissecting, however, has an inherent additional stress potential. Our study determined student mental stress, their need of psychological support and factors influencing this need. ⋯ Our results document the need to develop an optimum support during the DC taking into account the ascertained indicators. Exemplarily the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology at Ulm University suggests several options like a step by step approach for optimization. These measures reduce mental stress and help students to cope with it by the development of "detached concern" towards their "first patient" as this will decisively influence their future professional behavior.
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We obtained data on the lengths, girths, and diameters of the fingers of children from 3 to 10 years of age. A total of 160 children (78 girls, 82 boys) were examined in a cross-sectional investigation. The length of each finger of the right hand of every child was measured, as were the girths of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges, and of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joint. ⋯ We observed no differences in length, girth, and diameter between the sexes. The dimensions of children's fingers are relevant to injuries from automatic, power-operated window lifters of motor vehicles because risk of injury to a finger jammed between an ascending window and the seal entry depends upon the diameter of the finger. Additionally, short fingers of young children can be jammed over almost their entire length in the oblique design of a car window seal entry.