Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
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Biography Historical Article
The painted Amsterdam anatomy lessons: anatomy performances in dissecting rooms?
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, painted by Rembrandt in 1632, has recently been fully restored. From 02-10-98 to 10-01-99 this painting and some other Amsterdam painted anatomy lessons were exhibited in the Mauritshuis in The Hague, with the title "Rembrandt under the scalpel". ⋯ However, from an anatomical point of view, it is doubtful whether the Amsterdam anatomy lessons depict a real contemporary anatomical demonstration. They provide, together with archival sources, reliable information about the praelectores anatomiae and the leading persons of the guild, but fail to give much information about the dissecting room, the anatomy theatre or the procedure. The anatomical demonstration procedures of the guild are discussed in relation to the painted anatomy lessons.
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Case Reports
An unusual course of the right renal artery associated with an anomalous inferior vena cava.
In a 55-year-old male cadaver, the inferior vena cava bifurcated at a level midway between the hilus and inferior pole of the right kidney. The narrower branch, on the right side, drained the right renal and hepatic veins, ascended as the normal inferior vena cava, passed through the caval opening of the diaphragm and drained into the right atrium. The wider branch on the left side drained the left renal vein and penetrated the right crus of the diaphragm as the azygos vein. ⋯ The hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins were absent. In addition to these anomalies, the right renal artery entered the hilus after coursing through the above-mentioned two branches at the bifurcation. No congenital anomalies of the heart or abdominal viscera and main arteries were seen.
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The origin, course and distribution of the nerves to the levator scapulae, rhomboideus, serratus anterior, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, deltoid, teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles were examined in 7 kangaroo body-halves. The levator scapulae and the serratus anterior formed a continuous muscle sheet arising from the transverse processes of the lower 5 cervical vertebrae and the upper 6 ribs. The rhomboideus arose from the occipital bone in addition to the cervical dorsal median raphe. ⋯ Four segmental nerves from C5 to C8 usually innervated these 7 muscles. Judging from the relationships between nerves and muscles, all of these muscles are thought to have originally belonged to the same 2 groups of the dorsal musculature extending between the trunk, the shoulder girdle, and the limb. Muscle type and modes of nerve supply to the muscles in the grey kangaroo are similar to those found in the crab-eating macaque.