International immunopharmacology
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Int. Immunopharmacol. · Jul 2020
Colitis following the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A real-world analysis of spontaneous reports submitted to the FDA adverse event reporting system.
Although colitis has been reported in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), associations between colitis and ICIs had not been thoroughly assessed in real-world studies. Here, we identified and characterized significant colitis-associated with ICIs. ⋯ ICI may lead to severe and disabling ICIs-associated colitis during therapy. Analysis of FAERS data identified signals for adverse events of colitis with ICI regimens. Practitioners should consider the factors that may increase the likelihood of colitis. The findings support a continued surveillance and risk factor identification studies.
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The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging pathogen that was first described in late December 2019 and causes a severe respiratory infection in humans. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, international attention has raised to develop treatment and control options such as types of immunotherapies. The immunotherapy is an effective method for fighting against similar viral infections such as SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. ⋯ Data extraction and quality valuation of articles were performed by two reviewers. 51 articles were the results of the search and based on the inclusions and exclusions criteria, 7 articles were included in the final review. As a conclusion of these studies demonstratedthat although no serious research has been done on this subject at the time of writing this article, similar studies on the related viruses showed notable results. So immunotherapy for this virus can also be a suitable option.
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Int. Immunopharmacol. · Apr 2020
Molecular hydrogen attenuates sepsis-induced neuroinflammation through regulation of microglia polarization through an mTOR-autophagy-dependent pathway.
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the cognitive impairment resulting from sepsis and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Hydrogen has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent to alleviate SAE. The mechanism, however, remains unclear. ⋯ Hydrogen treatment decreased the ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR and the expression of p62 and increased the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK, LC3II/LC3I and the expression of TREM-2 and Beclin-1 in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. MHY1485, an mTOR activator, abolished the protective effects of hydrogen in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrated that hydrogen attenuated sepsis-induced neuroinflammation by modulating microglia polarization, which was mediated by the mTOR-autophagy signaling pathway.
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Int. Immunopharmacol. · Mar 2020
Muscone relieves inflammatory pain by inhibiting microglial activation-mediated inflammatory response via abrogation of the NOX4/JAK2-STAT3 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome.
Previous studies have shown that muscone, a pharmacologically active ingredient isolated from musk, has excellent effects on anti-inflammation. However, its effect on microglia activation-induced inflammatory pain is not known yet. In the present study, a mouse BV2 microglia cell activation-mediated inflammatory model was developed with LPS induction, and a mouse inflammatory pain model was established with CFA injection. ⋯ Furthermore, muscone inhibited the CFA-induced NOX4, p-JAK2/p-STAT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in spinal cord of mice. In conclusion, this study uncovered that muscone relieved inflammatory pain by inhibiting microglial activation-mediated inflammatory response via abrogation of the NOX4/JAK2-STAT3 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. This finding of muscone is promising for treating inflammatory pain.
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Int. Immunopharmacol. · Mar 2020
Observational StudyPrognostic value of an inflammatory biomarker-based clinical algorithm in septic patients in the emergency department: An observational study.
To develop an inflammatory biomarker-based, simple-to-use nomogram for the early identification of septic patients at high risk of mortality in the emergency department (ED). ⋯ This proposed simple-to-use nomogram based on age, NLR, PLR, LMR and RDW provides a relatively accurate mortality prediction for septic patients in the ED.