International immunopharmacology
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Int. Immunopharmacol. · Nov 2020
ReviewUnderstanding the complexities of SARS-CoV2 infection and its immunology: A road to immune-based therapeutics.
Emerging infectious diseases always pose a threat to humans along with plant and animal life. SARS-CoV2 is the recently emerged viral infection that originated from Wuhan city of the Republic of China in December 2019. Now, it has become a pandemic. ⋯ Thereafter, the eighth section describes viral strategies to hijack the host antiviral immune response and generate the "cytokine storm". The ninth section describes about transgenic humane ACE2 (hACE2) receptor expressing mice to study immunity, drugs, and vaccines. The article ends with the development of different immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutics strategies, including vaccines waiting for their approval in humans as prophylaxis or treatment measures.
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Int. Immunopharmacol. · Nov 2020
Oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) immunoceutical therapy for patients with COVID-19. Preliminary evidence reported.
This study evaluated the potential efficacy of a novel approach to treat COVID-19 patients, using an oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) mixture, via a process called Oxygen-Ozone- Immunoceutical Therapy. The methodology met the criteria of a novel, promising approach to treat successfully elderly COVID-19 patients, particularly when hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) Experimental design: We investigated the therapeutic effect of 4 cycles of O2-O3 in 50 hospitalized COVID-19 subjects suffering from acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS), aged more than 60 years, all males and undergoing non invasive mechanical ventilation in ICUs. ⋯ Our results show that O2-O3 treatment would be a promising therapy for COVID-19 patients. It leads patients to a fast recovery from ARDS via the improvement of major respiratory indexes and blood gas parameters, following a relatively short time of dispensed forced ventilation (about one to two weeks). This study may encourage the scientific community to further investigate and evaluate the proposed method for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Int. Immunopharmacol. · Nov 2020
Clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19: Predictors of severe prognosis.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged first in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and quickly spread throughout the world. Clinical and laboratory data are of importance to increase the success in the management of COVID-19 patients. ⋯ The comprehensive analysis of clinical and admission laboratory parameters to identify patients with severe prognosis is important not only for the follow-up of the patients but also to identify the pathophysiology of the disease. %LUC decrease and D-dimer, NLR, and CRP increases seem to be the most powerful laboratory predictors of severe prognosis.
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Int. Immunopharmacol. · Nov 2020
CMTM6 is positively correlated with PD-L1 expression and immune cells infiltration in lung squamous carcinoma.
The aim of this study was to clarify the association between CMTM6 and PD-L1 expression as well as microenvironment in lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC). ⋯ CMTM6 is positively associated with PD-L1 expression and correlates with infiltration of immune cells in microenvironment of lung squamous carcinoma.
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Int. Immunopharmacol. · Nov 2020
Outcome of COVID-19 patients with use of Tocilizumab: A single center experience.
COVID-19 pandemic has become a global concern. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) complicates acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and causes multi-organ failure which can subsequently lead to mortality in COVID-19 patients. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 antagonist, has shown to salvage patients with cytokine release storm. ⋯ Mean age was 62.4 years and 33 (82.5%) were male. 19 (47.5%) patients were critically sick, 18 (45%) were severely sick and 3 (7.5%) were moderately sick. 29 (77.5%) patients showed significant improvement in oxygen requirement, inflammatory parameters and chest x-rays, out of which 28 patients were discharged home. The mean duration between administration of Tocilizumab and overall improvement was 4.3 ± 3.2 days. Hence, Tocilizumab can be used as a possible treatment option in patients with COVID-19 induced CRS but needs monitoring for its adverse effects.