The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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J Am Acad Orthop Surg · Feb 2018
ReviewAngiography and Embolization in the Management of Bleeding Pelvic Fractures.
The use, timing, and priority of angioembolization in the management of bleeding pelvic fractures remain ambiguous. The most common vessels for angioembolization are, in decreasing order, the internal iliac artery and its branches, the superior gluteal artery, the obturator artery, and the internal pudendal artery. Technical success rates for this treatment option range from 74% to 100%. ⋯ The sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced CT in detecting the need for angioembolization range from 60% to 90% and 92% to 100%, respectively. Angioembolization can be effective in the management of bleeding pelvic fractures, but as with any treatment, the risks of complications must be considered. Availability of angioembolization and institutional expertise/preference for the alternative strategy of pelvic packing influence its use.
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J Am Acad Orthop Surg · Nov 2017
ReviewThe Posteromedial Corner of the Knee: Anatomy, Pathology, and Management Strategies.
The posteromedial corner of the knee encompasses five medial structures posterior to the medial collateral ligament. With modern MRI systems, these structures are readily identified and can be appreciated in the context of multiligamentous knee injuries. ⋯ Various options exist for posteromedial corner reconstruction, with early results indicating that anatomic reconstruction can restore valgus stability and improve patient function. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, physical examination findings, and imaging characteristics will aid the physician in the management of these injuries.
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J Am Acad Orthop Surg · Jul 2017
ReviewChronic Anterior Pelvic Instability: Diagnosis and Management.
Chronic anterior pelvic ring instability can cause pain and disability. Pain typically is localized to the suprapubic area or inner thigh; often is associated with lower back or buttock pain; and may be exacerbated by activity, direct impact, or pelvic ring compression. Known etiologies of chronic anterior pelvic ring instability include pregnancy, parturition, trauma, insufficiency fractures, athletics, prior surgery, and osteitis pubis. ⋯ If nonsurgical modalities are unsuccessful, surgery may be warranted, although little evidence exists to guide treatment. Surgical intervention may include internal fixation alone in select patients, the addition of bone graft to fixation, or symphyseal arthrodesis. In some patients, additional stabilization or arthrodesis of the posterior pelvic ring may be indicated.
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J Am Acad Orthop Surg · Jun 2017
ReviewThe Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) of 2015: What's New?
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released its Final Rule on the Medicare Access and CHIP [Children's Health Insurance Program] Reauthorization Act (MACRA) in November 2016. The Rule finalizes the details of the merit-based incentive payment system (MIPS) and the alternative payment model (APM), which will now collectively be referred to as the Quality Payment Program (QPP). This article offers the orthopaedic community a summary of the alterations in healthcare policy that will affect practices nationwide.
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Femoral fractures between a total hip arthroplasty prosthesis and total knee arthroplasty prosthesis, also called interprosthetic fractures, are challenging clinical problems. The number of patients who have undergone ipsilateral primary or revision joint arthroplasty procedures in both the hip and the knee continues to rise, and the number of interprosthetic fractures is increasing, as well. The growing body of biomechanical and clinical literature on interprosthetic fractures reflects the increased frequency of and interest in these injuries. ⋯ These factors are the basis of recently described classification systems and treatment strategies. In patients with stable implants, fracture fixation alone is performed. When the implant is loose, both revision arthroplasty and fracture fixation may be required to provide stability of the limb.