Radiologic clinics of North America
-
Complex orbital rim and fractures of the internal orbital skeleton (orbital walls) are best analyzed by high-resolution axial CT. Optic canal fractures are optimally visualized with thin 1-mm section high-resolution CT scanning. Spiral CT may be used in the acutely injured patient because of its rapid scan technique. ⋯ Another advantage of spiral CT is the capability of CT angiography. MR imaging usually is not the initial modality for the assessment of orbital trauma, but it is helpful in evaluating vascular injuries such as carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas or post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms. In general, CT with contrast injection is not necessary except when traumatic vascular anomalies, such as carotid cavernous, dural fistulas, or thrombosis of the superior ophthalmic vein, are considered in the differential diagnosis.
-
Since the development of A- and B-scan ultrasound technique in the 1950s, significant progress in ophthalmic ultrasound has appeared. As the technology advances and ultrasound systems improve their ability to acquire and detect ultrasonic signals and to analyze them in terms of a spatial resolution and frequency distribution, there is no doubt that the extent of clinical applications will expand accordingly. ⋯ For ophthalmology, we hope that less expensive color Doppler systems with specifically designed probes, improved two-dimensional resolution, and Doppler spectrum acquisition will become more widely available. Because CDI allows for the first time a noninvasive assessment of the retrobulbar vasculature, we feel that many applications of this technology will develop for ophthalmology.
-
This article provides a clear understanding of the pathophysiology of sinonasal inflammatory diseases and the rationale behind endoscopic surgery. Normal anatomy and pertinent anatomic variants that should be included in the radiology report are described. The relative role of CT and MR imaging in evaluation of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions is emphasized.
-
Radiol. Clin. North Am. · May 1998
ReviewPercutaneous epidural and nerve root block and percutaneous lumbar sympatholysis.
Epidural steroid injections and selective nerve root blocks currently are considered standard techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of back pain. The targeted epidural and perineural steroid injection with nerve block is a new technique that combines an epidural steroid injection and a nerve block. Radiologists are best suited for performing these procedures because of their training and skills in fluoroscopy and needle procedures.
-
Imaging has a key role in the identification of bronchiectasis. Over the years, imaging tests have become increasingly accurate in depicting the features of early bronchiectasis. This article covers the clinical, pathologic, and functional features of bronchiectasis; high-resolution CT scan technique; the signs of bronchiectasis on chest radiography and high-resolution CT scan; and the causes of misdiagnosis of bronchiectasis.