Clinical medicine (London, England)
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Case Reports
Lesson of the month 1: Artery of Percheron occlusion - an -uncommon cause of coma in a middle-aged man.
Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction resulting from artery of Percheron occlusion presents with a distinct clinical syndrome comprising impaired consciousness, often with vertical gaze palsy and memory impairment. This uncommon anatomical variant arises as a single artery supplying both paramedian thalami. ⋯ The acute physician should consider this diagnosis in a patient presenting with unexplained coma so that emergent treatments such as thrombolysis can be employed. Early imaging with computerised tomography can often be normal; therefore the use of magnetic resonance imaging is essential in confirming the diagnosis.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by progressive accumulation of scar tissue in the lung and is associated with a median life expectancy of 2-4 years. Until recently, treatment options were limited, focusing on ineffective anti-inflammatory therapy, palliation, transplant or trial recruitment. Significant recent advances in the field have led to two novel anti-fibrotic agents, pirfenidone and nintedanib, which have been shown to significantly slow disease progression in IPF. This article outlines the approach to management of IPF, the role of specialist centres and specialist interstitial lung disease multidisciplinary review, and explores both the trial evidence and practical considerations in the use of these anti-fibrotic agents.
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The British Society of Heart Failure (BSH) meetings highlight the latest advancements within the field of heart failure (HF) and provide education for training and revalidation for cardiologists and general physicians. This article reviews take-home messages from the 7th BSH HF revalidation and training meeting. It emphasises what every physician needs to know about the latest acute HF guidelines, diagnostics in HF, management strategies (including pharmacotherapeutics and device therapy), and when to consider referring to a transplant centre for mechanical circulatory support or transplantation. It describes the practical challenges faced and provides clinicians with a framework to assist with service development and commissioning of resources to deliver optimal, integrated services that meet the ever-advancing needs of our HF communities.
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Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease with a wide range of phenotypes. Pulmonary involvement is the most frequently identified target for sarcoidosis and is responsible for the majority of deaths. ⋯ Sarcoidosis remains an enigmatic disease spectrum of unknown aetiology, frequently difficult to diagnose and with a variable disease course. This article summarises current views on the diagnosis and management of cardiopulmonary involvement.