Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Jun 2021
ReviewThe Conceptualization of Everyday Racism in Research on the Mental and Physical Health of Ethnic and Racial Groups: a Systematic Review.
Research on the influence of everyday racism and discrimination on the mental and physical health of ethnic and racial groups is on the rise. Scholars use self-reported experiences of racism and discrimination scales to study the relationship between everyday racism/discrimination and health. Throughout the years, these scales have been tested for psychometric measures, validity, and reliability of the items. However, less attention is paid to how the concept of everyday racism and discrimination is defined in the first place. ⋯ Following the original conceptualization of everyday racism, results indicate that research pays attention to the repeatability of everyday racism. However, racism was only defined in 7% of the papers and in different ways varying from individual to institutional racism. In 86% of the papers did they measure everyday racism/discrimination through the Everyday Discrimination Scale. This influenced the way in which everyday discrimination was defined taking on a more individual perspective paying less attention to the micro-macro link of everyday racism.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Nov 2020
ReviewRacism, COVID-19, and Health Inequity in the USA: a Call to Action.
The current national COVID-19 mortality rate for Black Americans is 2.1 times higher than that of Whites. In this commentary, we provide historical context on how structural racism undergirds multi-sector policies which contribute to racial health inequities such as those highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer a concrete, actionable path forward to address structural racism and advance health equity for Black Americans through anti-racism, implicit bias, and cultural competency training; capacity building; community-based participatory research (CBPR) initiatives; validated metrics for longitudinal monitoring of efforts to address health disparities and the evaluation of those interventions; and advocacy for and empowerment of vulnerable communities. This necessitates a multi-pronged, coordinated approach led by clinicians; public health professionals; researchers; social scientists; policy-makers at all governmental levels; and local community leaders and stakeholders across the education, legal, social service, and economic sectors to proactively and systematically advance health equity for Black Americans across the USA.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Oct 2020
ReviewBarriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: a Systematic Review.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with poor health outcomes, including cervical cancer. Racial/ethnic minority populations experience poor health outcomes associated with HPV at higher rates. A vaccine is available to protect against HPV infections and prevent HPV-related sequelae; however, vaccination rates have remained low in the United States (U.S.) population. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase the HPV vaccination rate. Moreover, little is known about barriers to HPV vaccination in racial/ethnic minority groups. This paper highlights the most recent findings on barriers experienced by these groups. ⋯ Provider recommendations and accurate distribution of information must be increased and targeted to racial/ethnic minority populations in order to bolster the rate of vaccine uptake. To effectively target these communities, multi-level interventions need to be established. Further, research to understand the barriers that may affect unvaccinated adults in the catch-up age range, including males, may be beneficial, as majority of the previous studies focused on either parents of adolescents or women.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Dec 2019
ReviewDo Disparities in Sleep Duration Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities Contribute to Differences in Disease Prevalence?
Sleep duration in the USA has declined continually during the second half of the twentieth century, before reaching a plateau in the early twenty-first century. However, not everyone has been equally affected by this continuous decline. Epidemiological studies indicate that ethnic minorities are sleeping even less than those in the general population. ⋯ This paper explores the differences in sleep duration and quality which exist for different ethnic groups, the probable causes behind such inequities, and their relationship to the growth of specific disease conditions. This review also considers sleep disorders in various racial and ethnic groups, and how these disorders are related to health outcomes. Finally, we discuss some of the implications of these differences, and particularly their clinical relevance, and recommend ways in which they might be addressed.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Oct 2019
Meta AnalysisHealth Disparities and Sepsis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Influence of Race on Sepsis-Related Mortality.
Racial disparities in sepsis outcomes have been previously reported. However, recently, there have been inconsistencies in identifying which socioeconomic variables, such as race, account for these disparities. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review in order to examine the impact of race on sepsis-attributable mortality. ⋯ On the basis of available evidence from a limited number of observation retrospective studies, race alone cannot fully explain sepsis-related disparities, especially sepsis-attributable mortality.