The Lancet infectious diseases
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Review Meta Analysis
Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Previous systematic reviews have identified a high prevalence of HIV infection in transgender women in the USA and in those who sell sex (compared with both female and male sex workers). However, little is known about the burden of HIV infection in transgender women worldwide. We aimed to better assess the relative HIV burden in all transgender women worldwide. ⋯ Center for AIDS Research at Johns Hopkins and the Center for Public Health and Human Rights at the JHU Bloomberg School of Public Health.
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Review Meta Analysis
Corticosteroids for prevention of mortality in people with tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The effects of corticosteroids are systemic, but their benefits in tuberculosis are thought to be organ specific, with clinicians using them routinely to treat some forms of tuberculosis (such as meningitis), but not others. We aimed to assess the effects of steroids on mortality attributable to all forms of tuberculosis across organ systems. ⋯ UK Department for International Development.
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Review Meta Analysis
Malaria prevention in pregnancy, birthweight, and neonatal mortality: a meta-analysis of 32 national cross-sectional datasets in Africa.
Low birthweight is a significant risk factor for neonatal and infant death. A prominent cause of low birthweight is infection with Plasmodium falciparum during pregnancy. Antimalarial intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) and insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) significantly reduce the risk of low birthweight in regions of stable malaria transmission. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of malaria prevention in pregnancy (IPTp or ITNs) at preventing low birthweight and neonatal mortality under routine programme conditions in malaria endemic countries of Africa. ⋯ Malaria prevention in pregnancy is associated with substantial reductions in neonatal mortality and low birthweight under routine malaria control programme conditions. Malaria control programmes should strive to achieve full protection in pregnant women by both IPTp and ITNs to maximise their benefits. Despite an attempt to mitigate bias and potential confounding by matching women on factors thought to be associated with access to malaria prevention in pregnancy and birth outcomes, some level of confounding bias possibly remains.
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Meta Analysis
Effectiveness and safety of drotrecogin alfa (activated) for severe sepsis: a meta-analysis and metaregression.
Drotrecogin alfa (activated) was approved for use in severe sepsis in 2001 on the basis of the Recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) trial, but controversies about its effectiveness remain. We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of use of this drug in the past 10 years and compare them with the original PROWESS results. ⋯ None.
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Review Meta Analysis
Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Female sex workers are a population who are at heightened risk of HIV infection secondary to biological, behavioural, and structural risk factors. However, three decades into the HIV pandemic, understanding of the burden of HIV among these women remains limited. We aimed to assess the burden of HIV in this population compared with that of other women of reproductive age. ⋯ The World Bank, UN Population Fund.