Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain
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This review summarizes the present and emerging knowledge base on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of fibromyalgia. ⋯ Several agents, including serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (ie, duloxetine and milnacipran), opioids (ie, tramadol), and the alpha2-delta ligand pregabalin, which recently received U.S. regulatory approval for the treatment of fibromyalgia, have been evaluated in clinical trials, demonstrating benefit in terms of pain reduction and improvement in core symptoms (ie, fatigue and sleep disturbance). The European League Against Rheumatism has developed updated guidelines for the management of fibromyalgia.
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To validate CHIPPS (Children's and Infants' Postoperative Pain Scale) in Brazilian children. ⋯ Based on the results obtained, we can infer that CHIPPS is a valid and reliable tool for Brazilian children aged 0 to 5 years old.