Articles: apolipoproteins-e.
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Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the primary recognition signal on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins responsible for interacting with low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and LDL receptor-related protein (LRP). It has been shown that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) promote receptor-mediated uptake and degradation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and remnant particles, possibly by directly binding to lipoprotein receptors. In this study we have investigated the requirement for apoE in lipase-stimulated VLDL degradation. ⋯ Surface binding of apoE knockout or apoE-depleted VLDL was to heparin sulfate proteoglycans because it was completely abolished by heparinase treatment. However, apoE appears to be a primary determinant for receptor-mediated VLDL degradation. Our studies suggest that overexpression of LPL or HTGL may not protect against lipoprotein accumulation seen in apoE deficiency.
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Comparative Study
Age-dependent association of apolipoprotein E genotypes with stroke subtypes in a Japanese rural population.
The association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphisms and stroke has been controversial. These controversies may be due to inaccurate classification of stroke and differences in age ranges. We investigated the association between apoE genotypes and stroke subtypes (confirmed by CT or MRI findings) by case-control study in a Japanese rural population. ⋯ Our study suggests that apoE epsilon2 is a risk factor for atherothrombosis, cardioembolism, and intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas epsilon4 is a risk factor for atherothrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The occurrence of stroke may be affected by interaction between age and apoE gene polymorphisms.
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To investigate whether the association between APOE-epsilon4 and memory decline is modified by baseline cognition and age in a population-based elderly sample. ⋯ APOE-epsilon4 was associated with memory decline in subjects with cognitive impairment, but not in normally functioning subjects. Contrary to AD studies, our study suggests that the risk of APOE-epsilon4 on memory decline does not decrease at higher ages.
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Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol · Nov 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDouble-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion.
Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) is a an endogenous intermediate in the biosynthesis of structural membrane phospholipids and brain acetylcholine. Citicoline has been extensively used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders associated with head trauma, stroke, brain aging, cerebrovascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease. In this study we have investigated the efficacy and safety of the treatment with citicoline versus placebo in patients with Alzheimer disease. ⋯ In addition, neither adverse side effects nor alterations in biological and hematological parameters were induced by citicoline. The present data indicate that citicoline (1,000 mg/day) is well tolerated and improves cognitive performance, cerebral blood perfusion and the brain bioelectrical activity pattern in AD patients. According to our results, it seems that citicoline might be a useful treatment in Alzheimer's disease, and that the efficacy of this compound is greater in patients with mild mental deterioration and/or bearing the epsilon 4 allele of the APOE.