Articles: vertigo.
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Recent studies have extended our understanding of the pathophysiology, natural course, and treatment of vestibular vertigo. The relative frequency of the different forms is as follows: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) 17.1%; phobic vestibular vertigo 15%; central vestibular syndromes 12.3%; vestibular migraine 11.4%; Menière's disease 10.1%; vestibular neuritis 8.3%; bilateral vestibulopathy 7.1%; vestibular paroxysmia 3.7%. ⋯ Most vestibular syndromes can be treated successfully. The efficacy of treatments for Menière's disease, vestibular paroxysmia, and vestibular migraine requires further research.
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Seminars in neurology · Jul 2013
ReviewClinical characteristics of cervicogenic-related dizziness and vertigo.
Cervical vertigo has long been a controversial entity and its very existence as a medical entity has advocates and opponents. Supporters of cervical vertigo claim that its actual prevalence is underestimated due to the overestimation of other diagnostic categories in clinics. ⋯ A clinical entity named subclinical vertebrobasilar insufficiency appears in the context of cervical osteoarticular changes. Migraine-associated vertigo may explain why some patients suffering from cervical pain have vertigo while others do not.
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Dizziness and vertigo account for roughly 4% of chief symptoms in the emergency department (ED). Little is known about the aggregate costs of ED evaluations for these patients. The authors sought to estimate the annual national costs associated with ED visits for dizziness. ⋯ Total U.S. national costs for patients presenting with dizziness to the ED are substantial and are estimated to now exceed $4 billion per year (about 4% of total ED costs). Rising costs over time appear to reflect the rising prevalence of ED visits for dizziness and increased rates of imaging use. Future economic studies should focus on the specific breakdown of total costs, emphasizing areas of high cost and use that might be safely reduced.
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Curr. Opin. Neurol. · Jun 2013
ReviewMigraine and childhood periodic syndromes in children and adolescents.
This review covers recent advances in our understanding of migraine and childhood periodic syndromes in children and adolescents, as well as the treatment of these disorders. ⋯ Childhood periodic syndromes are thought to be early life expressions of those genes that later in life are expressed as migraine headache. Future research into mechanisms of identifying children with these disorders prior to extensive and often invasive testing would be of benefit to these families and children. Migraine-specific therapies are now approved for the acute treatment of migraine in pediatric patients. Preventive migraine therapy is indicated in appropriate patients, although which medications are most effective in children is an area of active research.
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Pediatric emergency care · Jun 2013
Review Case ReportsA rare adverse effect of metronidazole: nervous system symptoms.
Metronidazole, as a 5-nitroimidazole compound, is effective on anaerobic bacteria and protozoon diseases. Mostly, metronidazole is a tolerable drug but rarely presents serious adverse effects on the nervous system. ⋯ During the metronidazole treatment, loss of sight, vertigo, ataxia, and headache occurred as the adverse effects. By this report, we want to express the rare adverse effects of drugs in the differential diagnoses of nervous system diseases.