Articles: analgesics.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Belg · Jan 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialSurgical analgesia for knee arthroscopy with epidural lignocaine and sufentanil--effect of varying sufentanil doses.
In a double blind trial the additional analgesic effect of the combination of epidural lignocaine 2% + epinephrine 1/200,000 with varying epidural Sufentanil doses was studied per- and postoperatively in patients undergoing arthroscopy of the knee. Fifty patients were randomly divided into five groups. They received epidural lignocaine 2% + epinephrine 1/200,000 in addition with respectively 0, 20, 30, 40 or 50 micrograms Sufentanil. ⋯ On the other hand, at 40 and 50 micrograms of Sufentanil significantly more patients demonstrated respiratory depression and pronounced sedation during surgery as compared to lignocaine alone. Patients in these groups had better postoperative analgesia. In addition nausea, vomiting and pruritus were seen in some patients at all doses of Sufentanil.
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Swiss medical weekly · Dec 1989
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial[Analgesic effects of an oral dose of clonidine].
Experimental data and anecdotal clinical observations have shown that clonidine, an alpha 2-agonist, has a marked analgesic effect. We investigated clonidine-induced analgesia in response to nociceptive stimuli. On 2 different days 7 normal volunteers received either placebo or clonidine (200 micrograms) orally according to a cross-over, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. ⋯ Side effects were a moderate fall in blood pressure, sedation and dryness of the mouth. A single oral dose of clonidine induces significant analgesia. These results suggest that clonidine is potentially a worthwhile drug for pain treatment which deserves further clinical investigation.
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Regional anesthesia · Nov 1989
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialMaternal analgesia and neonatal effects of epidural sufentanil for cesarean section.
This study was designed to evaluate the maternal intraoperative and postoperative analgesia and neonatal effects of adding sufentanil to epidural anesthesia for cesarean section before the skin incision. Forty-five multipara were randomized in three equal groups to receive sufentanil 80 micrograms, 50 micrograms, or saline with the epidural lidocaine. Intraoperative and postoperative analgesia and side effects were recorded. ⋯ Postoperative analgesia was prolonged after sufentanil, but side effects increased with the greater dose. The infants whose mothers received 80 micrograms sufentanil showed a mild neurobehavioral depression. It is therefore concluded that the addition of 50 micrograms of sufentanil improves both intraoperative and postoperative analgesia without significant neonatal effects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Does intravenous methadone provide longer lasting analgesia than intravenous morphine? A randomized, double-blind study.
A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was designed to compare the duration of analgesia produced by intravenous morphine and methadone. Patients with intractable cancer-related pain were studied for 5-6 days. One-eighth of the patient's daily opiate requirement was supplied as an i.v. infusion of either morphine or methadone over a period of 15 min. when initiated by the patient using a patient-controlled analgesia device. ⋯ All patients had adequate analgesia as determined by at least a 50% difference in pain intensity at peak relief. The duration of pain relief when repeated intravenous doses of these analgesics were given was similar throughout the entire study period although morphine and methadone have different serum half-lives (3 vs. 25 h). Parenteral methadone does not offer a clinically significant increase in the duration of analgesia in patients with severe pain secondary to cancer.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
[A comparison of the course of anesthesia using a bolus application of propofol, methohexital or etomidate as hypnotics and alfentanil analgesia].
The suitability of the analgesic-hypnotic combination alfentanil-propofol in nitrous oxide-oxygen IPPB for short-term and outpatient anesthesia was studied in 50 patients of ASA risk groups I and II. This study appeared pertinent since the two substances have the shortest half-lives of their respective classes of medication. For comparison, two groups of similar size were treated with the well-established combinations alfentanil-methohexital and alfentanil-etomidate. ⋯ These patients also showed the most rapid recovery; consequently, the combination of alfentanil and propofol would appear to be especially suitable for outpatients. For the induction of anesthesia alfentanil was administered in a dosage of 30 micrograms/kg body weight in combination with propofol 1.5 mg/kg, methohexital 1.0 mg/kg or etomidate 0.2 mg/kg. For anesthesia maintenance the following mean dosages were found to be suitable: Alfentanil 1 microgram/kg/min, propofol 46 micrograms/kg/min, methohexital 24 micrograms/kg/min, and etomidate 4 micrograms/kg/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)