Articles: analgesics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of once-daily tramadol with normal release tramadol in the treatment of pain in osteoarthritis.
To compare the efficacy and tolerability of once daily (OD) tramadol tablets with normal release tramadol capsules (50 mg) taken 3 or 4 times daily in a multicenter, double blind, double dummy parallel study. ⋯ Tramadol OD was at least as effective and well tolerated as normal release tramadol in the management of OA pain. However, OD tramadol offers the advantage of a reduced dosing regimen, which is especially valuable in the elderly population.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Routine sucrose analgesia during the first week of life in neonates younger than 31 weeks' postconceptional age.
To determine the efficacy of sucrose analgesia for procedural pain during the first week of life in preterm neonates in neonatal intensive care units on enhancing later clinical outcomes. ⋯ Repeated use of sucrose analgesia in infants <31 weeks' PCA may put infants at risk for poorer neurobehavioral development and physiologic outcomes. Additional study is needed to determine the most appropriate age and duration of sucrose analgesia in preterm infants.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Remifentanil vs morphine for patients in intensive care unit who need short-term mechanical ventilation.
This randomized, double-blind study compared the safety and efficacy of remifentanil (9 microg/ kg/h) with morphine (0.045 mg/kg/h plus a bolus dose of 0.025 mg/kg). One hundred and eighty nine Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with normal renal function or mild renal impairment requiring mechanical ventilation were included in this study. A pre-defined dosing algorithm permitted initial titration of the opioids to predetermine the optimal level of sedation and pain score. ⋯ The dosing algorithm facilitated rapid extubation in both groups. Remifentanil provided comparable hemodynamic stability to morphine, and was not associated with an increase in cardiovascular adverse event. Remifentanil is therefore considered to be effective and well tolerated in ICU patients.
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the analgesic efficacy, onset of action, and tolerability of ibuprofen arginate and ibuprofen in postoperative dental pain.
Because of its enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics, ibuprofen arginate might be expected to provide faster pain relief than standard ibuprofen formulations in patients experiencing acute pain. ⋯ Ibuprofen arginate was effective in this population of patients experiencing moderate to severe pain after surgical extraction of > or = 1 impacted third molar, with 16 to 24 minutes' faster time to meaningful pain relief than with ibuprofen. The 2 formulations had similar tolerability profiles.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialAn evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of oral tramadol hydrochloride tablets for the treatment of postsurgical pain in children.
In this double-blinded, randomized, multicenter study, we examined analgesic efficacy and tolerability of tramadol in postoperative pediatric patients. Eighty-one postsurgical ASA physical status I and II patients ages 7-16 yr received oral tramadol (approximately 1 or 2 mg/kg) for postoperative analgesia when they were ready to transition from morphine patient-controlled analgesia to oral analgesics. Rescue analgesia consisted of morphine patient-controlled analgesia or an oral equivalent dose of oxycodone. Patients rated their pain just before the administration of tramadol and at regular intervals for 8 h afterwards using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The 2-mg/kg group required approximately half as much rescue analgesia as the 1-mg/kg group (P = 0.006). Parents rated the larger dose more favorably. Adverse events were generally mild to moderate in severity (vomiting [10%], nausea [9%], pruritus [7%], rash [4%]) and similar between the two treatment groups. There were no significant changes in hemodynamic variables, respiratory rate, or SpO(2) percentages between the two treatment groups or in all patients compared with pretreatment values. ⋯ Oral tramadol 1-2 mg/kg is well tolerated and effective in postoperative children ready to transition from morphine patient-controlled analgesia. The group receiving 2 mg/kg required less rescue analgesic compared with those receiving 1 mg/kg.