Articles: analgesics.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Balanced analgesia with intravenous ketorolac and patient-controlled morphine following lower abdominal surgery.
To investigate the efficacy, opioid-sparing effects and any reduction in adverse events of a continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion of ketorolac following lower abdominal surgery. ⋯ Intravenous infusion of ketorolac combined with morphine delivered via a PCA device would appear to be a valuable method of providing balanced analgesia following lower abdominal surgery.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The hypoalgesic effect of imipramine in different human experimental pain models.
In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study, the hypoalgesic effect of a single oral dose of 100 mg imipramine was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers. Test procedures performed before, 3, 6, and 9 h after medication included determination of (1) pain detection and tolerance thresholds to heat and pressure; (2) the thresholds of quadriceps femoris muscle withdrawal reflex to single and repeated electric stimulation of the sural nerve; (3) amplitude of the reflex evoked by 1.5 times the premedication reflex threshold; and (4) continuous pain rating during the cold pressor test. Imipramine significantly increased pain tolerance thresholds to heat (P = 0.03) and pressure (P = 0.01), and both the psychophysical pain tolerance threshold and the reflex threshold to single electric stimulation (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). ⋯ Pain detection thresholds to heat and pressure, the amplitude of the reflex to single suprathreshold stimulation, and pain ratings during the cold pressor test were unaltered by imipramine. It is concluded that imipramine has a differential hypoalgesic effect on different human experimental pain tests. This provides new possibilities of assessing the differential effect of different tricyclic antidepressants on different pain modalities and intensities.
-
J Cataract Refract Surg · Mar 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialRelative effectiveness of topical ketorolac and topical diclofenac on discomfort after radial keratotomy.
Two prospective, randomized, double-masked studies were conducted evaluating the analgesic effect of topical eyedrops after radial keratotomy (RK). One study of 117 consecutive initial RK procedures compared topical ketorolac (Acular) with topical diclofenac (Voltaren), and another study of 23 consecutive initial RK procedures compared topical ketorolac with a control medication (HypoTears). ⋯ The onset of analgesic effect of these topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is longer than one hour. The analgesic effect of oral acetaminophen #3 significantly augments that of topical diclofenac drops for those experiencing any discomfort by six hours after surgery.
-
J Burn Care Rehabil · Mar 1995
Comparative StudyPain and anxiety during burn dressing changes: concordance between patients' and nurses' ratings and relation to medication administration and patient variables.
Few studies have examined the various factors related to pain during burn dressing changes. Patients' and nurses' ratings of pain and tension were obtained during 107 burn dressing changes among 11 burned patients. As found in previous studies, there was little concordance between nurses' and patients' ratings. ⋯ Multiple regression analyses revealed that ratings of tension during the procedure were significantly related to overall and worst pain, whereas amount of analgesics and anxiolytics given, postburn day, and total body surface area were not. Exploratory correlations suggested that ability to accurately discriminate between painful episodes, social desirability, and trait anxiety may be factors that significantly influence self-report of pain and might be worthwhile to study more systematically in the future. Implications for burn pain control and suggestions for future research are presented.