Articles: analgesics.
-
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi · Aug 1982
[Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, etofenamate, in experimental animals].
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities of orally administered etofenamate, the diethylene glycol ester of flufenamic acid, were investigated in experimental animals. Against acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice and ultra-violet light-induced erythema in guinea pigs, etofenamate produced a dose related inhibition at doses of 40--320 mg/kg and 5--20 mg/kg, respectively. In rats, felt-pellet-induced granuloma formation and adjuvant-induced arthritis were significantly inhibited by repeated administration of etofenamate at doses of 20 mg/kg/day for 5 days and 40 mg/kg/day for 21 days, respectively. ⋯ These potencies of etofenamate were 0.5 to 1.6 times those of flufenamic acid. In particular, the anti-erythema, anti-arthritis, and anti-pyretic activities of etofenamate were approximately equivalent to or superior to those of flufenamic acid. From these results, it was suggested that etofenamate given orally, like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, showed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities in experimental animals.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1982
Comparative StudyA model for comparison of local anesthetics in man.
Ten patients scheduled for bilateral arm surgery were given general anesthesia plus, on one side, an axillary brachial plexus block. Ten additional patients scheduled for bilateral foot surgery were similarly given general anesthesia plus an ankle block on one side. A within-patient blind comparison of postoperative analgesia between blocked and unblocked side was performed. ⋯ Postoperative analgesia recorded by a nurse observed was significantly better on the blocked side compared with the unblocked side. This difference was greater for ankle blocks. There were no differences between the analgesic measures for lidocaine and bupivacaine ankle blocks over the 6-hour study period.
-
In the population of chronic pain patients seen at multidisciplinary pain clinics, excessive and/or inappropriate medication use is a frequent problem. This study examined differences between chronic pain patients who used no addicting medication (30% of the sample of 131 patients), those who used narcotic but not sedative medications (33%) and those who used both narcotic and sedative medications (37%). ⋯ Narcotic-sedative patients spent significantly more money on pain medication per month, reported significantly greater physical impairment, and had higher MMPI hypochondriasis and hysteria scores when compared to the other patients. The findings are interpreted in light of the hypothesis that certain patients show greater readiness to complain of and seek help for physical symptoms.
-
Intensive care medicine · Mar 1982
Epidural analgesia or mechanical ventilation for multiple Rib fractures?
A protocol for treating thoracic trauma is proposed. Severe pulmonary lesion with increased venous admixture (e.g. contusio, atelectasis, aspiration) is treated by mechanical ventilation. Rib fractures with minor pulmonary lesion and therefore with only moderately abnormal gas exchange but with remarkably reduced vital capacity (even with flail chest) are controlled by thoracic epidural analgesia following vital capacity, tidal volume and respiratory rate. ⋯ The indication for a mechanical ventilation or for spontaneous breathing with thoracic epidural analgesia is therefore deducted more from functional variables than from morphological facts. The course of a consecutive series of 283 patients is presented. 155 patients were treated with primary ventilation and 112 patients with primary epidural analgesia, while 16 patients could be managed with general analgesia. The duration of treatment morbidity and mortality show this protocol to be very useful.