Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
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J Intensive Care Med · Sep 2014
Review Case ReportsChiari syndrome and respiratory failure: a literature review.
Patients with failed extubation requiring reintubation have increased morbidity and mortality. This situation may reflect the severity of the underlying disorder or may reflect an undiagnosed condition that was not apparent at the time of the initial intubation. ⋯ Patients with CMs can have repeated extubation failures. Some of these patients have normal neurological examinations and studies and are not identified until they have an MRI study. Clinicians need to consider this possibility in patients who are difficult to wean.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Home Mechanical Ventilation for COPD: High-Intensity Versus Target Volume Noninvasive Ventilation.
High-intensity noninvasive ventilation (HI-NIV) is the most effective means of improving several physiological and clinical parameters in subjects with chronic hypercapnic COPD. Whether the newer hybrid mode using target tidal volume noninvasive ventilation (target V(T) NIV) provides additional benefits remains unclear. ⋯ Switching subjects from well-established HI-NIV to target V(T) NIV shows no clinical benefits in chronic hypercapnic COPD. In particular, sleep quality, the control of nocturnal hypoventilation, daytime hypercapnia, overnight ventilation patterns, subjects' tolerance, health-related quality of life, lung function, and exercise capability were all similar in subjects who underwent HI-NIV and target V(T) NIV. Nevertheless, target V(T) NIV might offer some physiological advantages in breathing pattern and might be beneficial in some individual patients. (German Clinical Trials Register [www.drks.de] Registration DRKS00000450.).
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Tracheal intubation is used to establish a secure airway in patients who require mechanical ventilation. Unexpected extubation can have serious complications, including airway trauma and death. Various methods and devices have been developed to maintain endotracheal tube (ETT) security. Associated complications include pressure ulcers due to decreased tissue perfusion. Device consideration includes ease of use, rapid application, and low exerted pressure around the airway. ⋯ Noncommercial airway holders exert less force on a patient's face than commercial devices. Airway stability is affected by the type of securing method. Many commercial holders allow for rapid but secure movement of the artificial airway from one side of the mouth to the other.
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Management of critically ill patients in austere environments is a logistic challenge. Availability of oxygen cylinders for the mechanically ventilated patient may be difficult in such a context. A solution is to use a ventilator able to function with an oxygen concentrator. ⋯ The ability of an oxygen concentrator to deliver high FiO2 when used with a turbine ventilator makes this method of oxygen delivery a viable alternative to cylinders in austere environments when used with a turbine ventilator. However, FiO2 has to be monitored continuously because delivered FiO2 decreases when minute ventilation is increased.
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The objective of this project was to reduce the number of failed extubations in the pediatric intensive care unit. This article describes extubation failures in the pediatric intensive care unit and the development and implementation of an extubation readiness protocol using the Iowa Model for Evidence-based Practice as a guideline. The Iowa Model consists of processes for implementing evidence into practice, such as critiquing and synthesizing the literature, identifying stakeholders, and recognizing triggers. The extubation protocol was developed excluding children with previous lung injury and/or neuromuscular conditions, which contribute to an increased risk and complexity of planned extubations.