Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
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Respiratory medicine · Nov 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPhysiologic response to various levels of pressure support and NAVA in prolonged weaning.
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of ventilation wherein the delivered assistance is proportional to diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) throughout inspiration. We assessed the physiologic response to varying levels of NAVA and pressure support ventilation (PSV) in 13 tracheostomised patients with prolonged weaning. Each patient randomly underwent 8 trials, at four levels of assistance either in PSV and NAVA. i - high (no dyspnoea and/or distress); iv - low (associated with dyspnoea and/or distress; ii and iii - at ∼75% and ∼25% of the difference between high and low support respectively. ⋯ VT variability significantly increased when reducing ventilatory assistance in PSV only, while remained unchanged varying the NAVA level. The ineffective triggering index was not significantly different between the two modes. In patients with prolonged weaning, with the specific settings adopted, compared to PSV, NAVA reduced the risk of over-assistance and overall improved patient-ventilator interaction, while not significantly affecting patient-ventilator synchrony.
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An athletic 21-year-old male was admitted to the surgical ICU after sustaining 2 stab wounds to his torso. He had an episode of left lung collapse early in his course, managed with suctioning and increased PEEP, to 15 cm H2O. ⋯ After premedication with glycopyrrolate, he was successfully extubated the following day, while his heart rate remained at his baseline of 50 beats/min. We review the physiologic mechanisms of bradycardia due to the removal of mechanical ventilation.
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Multicenter Study
High Resource Utilization Does Not Affect Mortality in Acute Respiratory Failure Patients Managed with Tracheostomy.
Tracheostomy practice in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) varies greatly among institutions. This variability has the potential to be reflected in the resources expended providing care. In various healthcare environments, increased resource expenditure has been associated with a favorable effect on outcome. ⋯ We were unable to demonstrate a positive relationship between resource expenditure and outcome in ARF patients managed with tracheostomy.
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To evaluate the most recent transport ventilators' operational performance regarding volume delivery in controlled mode, trigger function, and the quality of pressurization in pressure support mode. ⋯ There were important differences in the performance of the tested ventilators. The most recent turbine ventilators outperformed the pneumatic ventilators. The best performers among the turbine ventilators proved comparable to modern ICU ventilators.
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The quest to obtain an accurate way to predict success when weaning a patient from mechanical ventilation continues. The established parameters such as tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (f), negative inspiratory force (NIF), vital capacity (VC), and minute ventilation (V) have not predicted weaning accurately. The frequency-to-tidal volume ratio (f/Vt), or rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is a good predictor of weaning success if the value is low, but not when the value approximates 105. Because of the aforementioned, we decided to add 2 corrective factors to the RSBI. The first one was elastance index (EI = peak pressure/NIF) and the second one, the ventilatory demand index (VDI = minute ventilation/10). The result of the product of the RSBI × EI × VDI was called the weaning index (WI). ⋯ The WI is a simple and reproducible parameter that integrates breathing pattern, compliance, inspiratory muscle strength, and ventilatory demand and is the most accurate predictor of weaning success.