Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
-
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther · Jul 2012
Dexmedetomidine versus standard therapy with fentanyl for sedation in mechanically ventilated premature neonates.
To compare the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for sedation in mechanically ventilated premature neonates. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine was safe and effective for sedation in the premature neonates included in this study. Prospective randomized-controlled trials are needed before routine use of dexmedetomidine can be recommended.
-
Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes may cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and enhanced generation of nitric oxide (NO). We demonstrated in sheep that pneumonectomy followed by injurious ventilation promotes pulmonary edema. We wished both to test the hypothesis that neuronal NOS (nNOS), which is distributed in airway epithelial and neuronal tissues, could be involved in the pathogenesis of VILI and we also aimed at investigating the influence of an inhibitor of nNOS on the course of VILI after pneumonectomy. ⋯ Inhibition of nNOS improved gas exchange, but did not reduce lung water extravasation following injurious ventilation after pneumonectomy in sheep.
-
J Pediatr Intensive Care · Jun 2012
Effect of endotracheal tube leakage on respiratory function monitoring: Comparison of three neonatal ventilators.
In preterm infants, lung function monitoring is important for lung-protective mechanical ventilation. In this study, we used a neonatal lung model to investigate the effect of endotracheal tube (ETT) leakage on the monitoring of tidal volume (VT) and lung mechanics using different ventilators. A neonatal lung model was ventilated via a 3 mm ETT using three ventilators, Babylog 8000, Leoni, and Stephanie. ⋯ The displayed resistance increased with increasing ETT leakage for the three ventilators, but quite different. The effect of ETT leakage on displayed VT and lung mechanical parameters is ventilator-dependent. ETT leakage can lead to incorrect measurements that indicate reduced VT, improvement of lung compliance, or ETT obstruction.
-
Annals of intensive care · Jan 2012
Neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a summary of the current evidence from three randomized controlled trials.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a potentially fatal disease with high mortality. Our aim was to summarize the current evidence for use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) in the early phase of ARDS. ⋯ The use of NMBA in the early phase of ARDS improves outcome.
-
Annals of intensive care · Jan 2012
Effect of tracheal suctioning on aspiration past the tracheal tube cuff in mechanically ventilated patients.
⋯ In patients intubated with a PVC-cuffed tracheal tube and under mechanical ventilation with PEEP ≥5 cm H2O and a cuff pressure set at 30 cm H2O, a single tracheal suctioning maneuver did not increase the risk of aspiration in the trachea under the cuff.