Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
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Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol · Sep 2015
ReviewIntraoperative mechanical ventilation strategies to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary comorbidities.
A variety of patient characteristics and comorbidities have been identified, which increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), including smoking, age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, cardiac and neurologic diseases as well as critical illness. In contrast to the variety of conditions, evidence for specific intraoperative ventilation strategies to reduce PPC is very limited for most comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of and discuss possible implications for the intraoperative ventilatory management of patients with comorbidities.
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Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol · Sep 2015
ReviewIntraoperative mechanical ventilation strategies for one-lung ventilation.
One-lung ventilation (OLV) has two major challenges: oxygenation and lung protection. The former is mainly because the ventilation of one lung is stopped while the perfusion continues; the latter is mainly because the whole ventilation is applied to only one lung. ⋯ In light of the (very few) randomized clinical trials, this review focuses on a recent strategy for OLV, which includes a possible decrease in FiO2, lower TVs, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the dependent lung, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to the non-dependent lung and recruitment manoeuvres. Other applications such as anaesthetic choice and fluid management can affect the success of ventilatory strategy; new developments have changed the classical approach in this respect.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Sep 2015
Review Meta AnalysisModulation of Dietary Lipid Composition During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pharmaconutrition including omega-3 and competitive analogs of omega-6 fatty acids has been used to modulate the inflammatory response during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The clinical benefit of this approach when assessed in prospective randomized clinical trials has been inconsistent. We tried to assess the reasons for the conflicting results, including the possible influence of the composition of the control solution. ⋯ Use of enteral pharmaconutrition in patients with ARDS was associated with decreased mortality only when the comparator solution contained a greater amount of lipid than is currently recommended. Hence, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of enteral pharmaconutrition in ARDS.
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Clinics in chest medicine · Sep 2015
ReviewRecent Advances in the Management of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Advances in management of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) include the use of volume and pressure-limited ventilation and a fluid conservative strategy. Despite the extensive study of positive end expiratory pressure, consensus regarding the best approach to its application is lacking. ⋯ Alternate modes of ventilation remain unproven. A focus on ARDS risk factor reduction and the development of tools predicting progression to ARDS have the potential to further reduce its incidence.
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Perioperative complications commonly include oxygenation and ventilation abnormalities. The best outcome is associated with prevention. Ventilation impairment may be due to either neurologic compromise such as cervical intervertebral disk disease or severe parenchymal disease, while oxygenation failure may result from either the underlying disease or severe complications such as aspiration pneumonia, volume overload, pulmonary thromboembolism, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. This article reviews the approach to the patient with perioperative complications and provides recommendations on the management approach.