Articles: extravascular-lung-water.
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Conventional sonography at 2 - 10 MHz cannot permeate the chest because ultrasound at this frequency is strongly scattered and reflected by air inclusions in the lungs. Therefore, sonography is considered impracticable for thoracic imaging. However, human thoraxes and lungs in situ were never rigorously probed with ultrasound at frequencies below 1 MHz. In addition, ultrasound is commonly applied as echo imaging rather than sound transmission. ⋯ Sound transmission in the lungs is characterized by three distinct frequency bands. Low frequency ultrasound is transmitted through the lungs and may offer a novel non-invasive approach to real time diagnostics.
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EMBO molecular medicine · Jan 2010
ENaC-mediated alveolar fluid clearance and lung fluid balance depend on the channel-activating protease 1.
Sodium transport via epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) expressed in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) provides the driving force for removal of fluid from the alveolar space. The membrane-bound channel-activating protease 1 (CAP1/Prss8) activates ENaC in vitro in various expression systems. To study the role of CAP1/Prss8 in alveolar sodium transport and lung fluid balance in vivo, we generated mice lacking CAP1/Prss8 in the alveolar epithelium using conditional Cre-loxP-mediated recombination. ⋯ Intra-alveolar treatment with neutrophil elastase, a soluble serine protease activating ENaC at the cell surface, fully restored basal AFC and the stimulation by beta(2)-agonists. Finally, acute volume-overload increased alveolar lining fluid volume in CAP1/Prss8-deficient mice. This study reveals that CAP1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of ENaC-mediated alveolar sodium and water transport and in mouse lung fluid balance.
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Comparative Study
Validation of a new transpulmonary thermodilution system to assess global end-diastolic volume and extravascular lung water.
A new system has been developed to assess global end-diastolic volume (GEDV), a volumetric marker of cardiac preload, and extravascular lung water (EVLW) from a transpulmonary thermodilution curve. Our goal was to compare this new system with the system currently in clinical use. ⋯ In animals, and over a very wide range of values, a good agreement was found between the new VolumeView™ system and the PiCCO™ system to assess GEDV and EVLW.
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Comparative Study
Validation of extravascular lung water measurement by single transpulmonary thermodilution: human autopsy study.
Gravimetric validation of single-indicator extravascular lung water (EVLW) and normal EVLW values has not been well studied in humans thus far. The aims of this study were (1) to validate the accuracy of EVLW measurement by single transpulmonary thermodilution with postmortem lung weight measurement in humans and (2) to define the statistically normal EVLW values. ⋯ A definite correlation exists between EVLW measured by the single-indicator transpulmonary thermodilution technique and post-mortem lung weight in humans. The normal EVLW value is approximately 7.4 ± 3.3 mL/kg.
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This study was designated to investigate whether increased extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) may correlate multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and mortality in sepsis. ⋯ Increased EVLWI levels correlates development of MODS and mortality during the patients' ICU stay. Further more, the potential of novel treatment in severe sepsis with lung injury may develop.