Articles: blood-flow-velocity-drug-effects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The relative effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on cerebral blood flow velocity and regional brain oxygenation: A randomised noninferiority trial.
Dexmedetomidine constricts cerebral blood vessels without a concomitant reduction in cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption. Its safety as a sedative in patients with neurological diseases thus remains uncertain. ⋯ Regional brain oxygenation and CBF velocity are comparably preserved during dexmedetomidine and propofol sedation. Thus, the use of dexmedetomidine in patients with movement disorders appears reasonable.
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Pharmaceutical research · Sep 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialPharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationship of Erenumab (AMG 334) and Capsaicin-Induced Dermal Blood Flow in Healthy and Migraine Subjects.
Capsaicin-induced dermal blood flow (CIDBF) is a validated biomarker used to evaluate the target engagement of potential calcitonin gene-related peptide-blocking therapeutics for migraine. To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and quantify the inhibitory effects of erenumab (AMG 334) on CIDBF, CIDBF data were pooled from a single- and a multiple-dose study in healthy and migraine subjects. ⋯ Our results show that erenumab pharmacokinetics was best characterized by a TMDD model and resulted in potent inhibition of CIDBF.
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To consider hemodynamic assessment of myocardial bridging (MB) adequate, it is believed that inotropic stimulation with dobutamine should be estimated because its dynamic nature depends on the degree of extravascular coronary compression. This study evaluated comparative assessment of hemodynamic relevance of MB using coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) measurements by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) with vasodilatative and inotropic challenges. ⋯ Non-invasive CFVR measurement by TTDE during inotropic stimulation, in comparison to vasodilation, provides more reliable functional evaluation of MB.
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Pediatric cardiology · Mar 2016
Effect of Inhaled Nitric Oxide on Blood Flow Dynamics in Patients After the Fontan Procedure Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Flow Measurements.
Invasive hemodynamic studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO), a selective pulmonary vasodilator, can lower pulmonary vascular resistance in Fontan patients. Because oximetry-derived flow quantification may be unreliable, we sought to detect changes in blood flow within the Fontan circulation after inhalation of NO using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Thirty-three patients (mean age 12.8 ± 7.0 years) after the Fontan procedure underwent CMR as part of their routine clinical assessment. ⋯ SPC flow decreased significantly from 0.64 ± 0.52 to 0.45 ± 0.51 l/min/m(2) (p = 0.002) and resulted in a significant decrement of the Qp/Qs ratio (1.23 ± 0.23 to 1.15 ± 0.23; p = 0.001). Inhalation of NO in Fontan patients results in significant changes in pulmonary and systemic blood flow. The reduction in SPC flow is accompanied by a net increase in effective systemic blood flow suggesting beneficial effects of pulmonary vasodilators on cardiac output, tissue perfusion and exercise capacity.
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Air pollution is linked to increased emergency room visits for headache, and migraine patients frequently cite chemicals or odors as headache triggers, but the association between air pollutants and headache is not well understood. We previously reported that nasal administration of environmental irritants acutely increases meningeal blood flow via a TRPA1-dependent mechanism involving the trigeminovascular system. Here, we examine whether chronic environmental irritant exposure sensitizes the trigeminovascular system. ⋯ These results suggest trigeminovascular sensitization as a mechanism for enhanced headache susceptibility after chemical exposure.