Articles: adult.
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Minerva anestesiologica · Sep 2023
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of intraoperative low vs. conventional tidal volume on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury after noncardiac surgery: a two-center randomized clinical trial.
In adults undergoing noncardiac surgery, the correlation between intraoperative tidal volume and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low tidal volume ventilation on the incidence of postoperative AKI compared with conventional tidal volume in adults undergoing noncardiac surgery. ⋯ Among adults undergoing noncardiac surgery, low tidal volume mechanical ventilation did not significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative AKI compared with conventional tidal volume.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Determining Intraosseous Needle Placement Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound in a Swine (Sus scrofa) Model.
Intraosseous (IO) access is critical in resuscitation, providing rapid access when peripheral vascular attempts fail. Unfortunately, misplacement commonly occurs, leading to possible fluid extravasation and tissue necrosis. Current research exploring the utility of bedside ultrasound in confirming IO line placement is limited by small sample sizes of skeletally immature subjects or geriatric cadaveric models. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential value of ultrasound confirming IO needle placement in a live tissue model with bone densities approximated to the young adult medical or trauma patient. ⋯ Within the context of this study, point-of-care ultrasound with CPD did not reliably confirm IO line placement. However, more accurate assessments of functional and malpositioned catheters were noted in sonographers with greater than 4 years of experience. Future study into experienced sonographers' use of CPD to confirm IO catheter placement is needed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
We assessed the efficacy and safety of the oral glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, semaglutide 50 mg, taken once per day versus placebo for the treatment of overweight or obesity in adults without type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Novo Nordisk.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy and safety of once-daily oral semaglutide 25 mg and 50 mg compared with 14 mg in adults with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER PLUS): a multicentre, randomised, phase 3b trial.
Once-daily oral semaglutide is an effective type 2 diabetes treatment. We aimed to investigate a new formulation of oral semaglutide at higher investigational doses versus the approved 14 mg dose in adults with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Novo Nordisk.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Nutritional supplementation to prevent tuberculosis incidence in household contacts of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in India (RATIONS): a field-based, open-label, cluster-randomised, controlled trial.
In India, tuberculosis and undernutrition are syndemics with a high burden of tuberculosis coexisting with a high burden of undernutrition in patients and in the population. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutritional supplementation on tuberculosis incidence in household contacts of adults with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. ⋯ Indian Council of Medical Research-India TB Research Consortium.