Articles: adult.
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Meta Analysis
Clonidine for sedation in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis (protocol).
Management and choice of sedation is important during critical illness in order to reduce patient suffering and to facilitate the delivery of care. Unfortunately, medications traditionally used for sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU) such as benzodiazepines and propofol are associated with significant unwanted effects. Clonidine is an alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist that may have a role in optimizing current sedation practices in the pediatric and adult critically ill populations by potentially minimizing exposure to other sedative agents. ⋯ PROSPERO CRD42015019365.
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Smoking is known to be a major cause of death among middle-aged adults, but evidence on its impact and the benefits of smoking cessation among older adults has remained limited. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the influence of smoking and smoking cessation on all-cause mortality in people aged ≥60 years. ⋯ Smoking remains as a strong risk factor for premature mortality in older individuals and cessation remains beneficial even at advanced ages. Efforts to support smoking abstinence at all ages should be a public health priority.
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Review Meta Analysis
Invasive Management for Pediatric Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Literature Review of Evidence.
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a multifactorial condition with complex pathogenesis characterized by spontaneous or stimulus-induced pain that is disproportionate to the inciting event. It is also commonly accompanied by a myriad of autonomic and motor disturbances in highly variable combinations. This condition has been underreported in children until recently. Consequently, the management of CRPS in the pediatric population presents an even greater challenge than in adults, partly because there is a lack of clinical data concerning the efficacy of the diverse treatment methods available, and partly because successful treatment of CRPS involves a multidisciplinary approach. There is a variety of invasive methods to the treatment of CRPS, but scarce pediatric-focused trials have been published to date. ⋯ Invasive techniques have been used to treat CRPS over the last few decades; however, the evidence for their use is still very weak. Invasive management should be contemplated only when high-standard conservative management has failed to work.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Nov 2015
Review Meta AnalysisSystematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults.
The effects of probiotics are strain specific. The clinical effects of each strain need to be evaluated separately. ⋯ This meta-analysis shows that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is effective in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults treated with antibiotics for any reason. However, the quality of evidence is moderate to low.
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol · Nov 2015
Review Meta AnalysisEfficacy, safety, and patient acceptability of Technosphere inhaled insulin for people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Technosphere inhaled insulin is a non-invasive alternative to subcutaneous injectable insulin for adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, we aimed to establish the efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability of Technosphere inhaled insulin in patients with diabetes. ⋯ None.