Articles: pandemics.
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Chinese medical journal · Nov 2022
ReviewSafety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised patients.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a great threat to public health. Individuals who are immunocompromised because of the progression of the primary disease or receiving immunosuppressive medications are prone to severe COVID-19 complications and poor outcomes. Abundant data have shown that many COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in large-scale populations; however, these clinical trials have excluded immunocompromised populations. ⋯ Thus, there is an urgent need to delineate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in these vulnerable populations. Here, we review the characteristics of specific humoral and cellular responses to COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised populations, including HIV-infected patients and those receiving immunosuppressive treatment, especially solid organ transplant recipients and those undergoing anti-CD20 treatment. We also addressed the challenges that immunocompromised populations will face in the future pandemic and the need for basic and clinical translational studies to highlight the best vaccination strategies for these populations.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Nov 2022
Review Meta AnalysisAntibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2.
The diagnostic challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in rapid development of diagnostic test methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serology tests to detect the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 enable detection of past infection and may detect cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection that were missed by earlier diagnostic tests. Understanding the diagnostic accuracy of serology tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection may enable development of effective diagnostic and management pathways, inform public health management decisions and understanding of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. ⋯ Some antibody tests could be a useful diagnostic tool for those in whom molecular- or antigen-based tests have failed to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including in those with ongoing symptoms of acute infection (from week three onwards) or those presenting with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. However, antibody tests have an increasing likelihood of detecting an immune response to infection as time since onset of infection progresses and have demonstrated adequate performance for detection of prior infection for sero-epidemiological purposes. The applicability of results for detection of vaccination-induced antibodies is uncertain.
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J. Korean Med. Sci. · Nov 2022
The Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Children During Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often asymptomatic and associated with mild clinical symptoms in children. Social distancing measures have led to a relatively small number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Korea than in other countries in the earlier pandemic phase. Previous seroprevalence studies in Korean adults before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination campaign have shown a low antibody positivity rate. However, data on COVID-19 seroprevalence in Korean children remained scarce. In this study, we assessed the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children in Korea. ⋯ After 1 year since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Korean children was 0.11%, which was lower than the adults (0.52%) in another study conducted during a similar period. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea was lower than those of other countries, which was presumed to be the consequence of a very strong social distancing measures.