Articles: surgery.
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Activation and inhibition of the haemostatic system was reviewed including the interaction between the four biological systems involved in haemostasis: the vessel wall, the platelets, the coagulation system and the fibrinolytic system. The haemostatic mechanism is initiated at the site of injury through local activation of surfaces and release of tissue thromboplastin, resulting in formation and deposition of fibrin. The coagulation process is regulated by physiological anticoagulants. ⋯ Haemorrhagic complications to oral surgery in patients without known defects of the coagulation system is reviewed. It is concluded that the investigations conducted to the present day do not permit final conclusions with respect to the pathophysiological role of defects in the coagulation and the fibrinolytic systems for the development of bleeding after oral surgery. Further investigations are necessary in order to clarify these aspects, and should include extensive laboratory analyses to reveal rare congenital defects such as factor XIII- and alpha 2-antiplasmin deficiencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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The male patient for aesthetic plastic surgery should expect to have a good experience, with few, if any complications from anesthesia. Proper planning is essential to the process, from setting up the surgical facility to selection and preparation of patients. Anesthetic techniques should be adapted to the needs of each patient, with his safety and comfort the most important consideration. ⋯ This technique requires a combination of skillful local administration, selection of appropriate sedation drugs in proper doses, and a cooperative patient. Ideally, the selection and administration of drugs and monitoring of the patient should be by an anesthetist, who understands drug interactions and synergistic and additive effects of sedation drugs. Facility set-up, professional personnel, and recovery and discharge criteria are essential to good anesthesia care for the male aesthetic patient.