Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci · Jan 2016
ReviewGH and Pituitary Hormone Alterations After Traumatic Brain Injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a crucially important public health problem around the world, which gives rise to increased mortality and is the leading cause of physical and psychological disability in young adults, in particular. Pituitary dysfunction due to TBI was first described 95 years ago. However, until recently, only a few papers have been published in the literature and for this reason, TBI-induced hypopituitarism has been neglected for a long time. ⋯ Patients with TBI without neuroendocrine changes and those with TBI-induced hypopituitarism share the same clinical manifestations, such as attention deficits, impulsion impairment, depression, sleep abnormalities, and cognitive disorders. For this reason, TBI-induced hypopituitarism may be neglected in TBI victims and it would be expected that underlying hypopituitarism would aggravate the clinical picture of TBI itself. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of unrecognized hypopituitarism due to TBI are very important not only to decrease morbidity and mortality due to hypopituitarism but also to alleviate the chronic sequelae caused by TBI.
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Depression and anxiety · Jan 2016
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER FOLLOWING MODERATE TO SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.
This study prospectively examined the relationship between preinjury, injury-related, and postinjury factors and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ There is a need to direct clinical attention to early identification and treatment of PTSD following TBI to improve outcomes.
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Comparative Study
A comparison of the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) in predictive modelling in traumatic brain injury.
To compare the performance of multivariate predictive models incorporating either the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score or Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) in order to test whether substituting GCS with the FOUR score in predictive models for outcome in patients after TBI is beneficial. ⋯ Results showed that FOUR score and GCS perform equally well in multivariate predictive modelling in TBI.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jan 2016
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and Mapping of Micro-hemorrhages and Major Deep Veins after Traumatic Brain Injury.
Micro-hemorrhages are a common result of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which can be quantified with susceptibility weighted imaging and mapping (SWIM), a quantitative susceptibility mapping approach. A total of 23 TBI patients (five women, 18 men; median age, 41.25 years old; range, 21.69-67.75 years) with an average Glasgow Coma Scale score of 7 (range, 3-15) at admission were recruited at mean 149 d (range, 57-366) after injury. Susceptibility-weighted imaging data were collected and post-processed to create SWIM images. ⋯ With different thresholds (250, 227 and 200 ppb), the specificity was 97%, 95%, and 92%, and the sensitivity was 84%, 90%, and 92%, respectively. These results show that SWIM could be used to differentiate hemorrhages from veins in TBI patients in a semi-automated manner with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. A larger cohort will be needed to validate these findings.
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Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2016
Characterization of Cerebral Vascular Response to EEG Bursts Using ICP Pulse Waveform Template Matching.
Neurovascular coupling is the relationship between the activity of the brain and the subsequent change in blood flow to the active region. The most common methods of detecting neurovascular coupling are cumbersome and noncontinuous. However, the integration of intracranial pressure (ICP) and electroencephalography (EEG) may serve as an indirect measure of neurovascular coupling. ⋯ These changes were compared using a template obtained from patients undergoing CO2-induced vasodilation. All segments exhibited a significant period of vasodilation within 1-2 s after burst, and 4 of 5 had a significant period of vasoconstriction within 4-11 s of the EEG burst, suggesting that there might be a characteristic response of vasodilation and subsequent vasoconstriction after a spontaneous EEG burst. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate the potential of integrated EEG and ICP as an indirect measure of neurovascular coupling.