Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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J Emerg Trauma Shock · Jul 2015
An epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury cases in a trauma centre of New Delhi (India).
Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in Indian population. ⋯ TBI predominantly affects young male population and most of these are preventable. Early transportation to the hospital and first aid results in good outcome. Mortality increases with the severity of TBI and associated injuries therefore multimodality approach in polytrauma is essential.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of injury, disability, and death in the United States. Amantadine is an established dopamine agonist that supports neurological function. The purpose of this literature review was to determine whether amantadine improves cognitive function post-TBI. ⋯ Outcomes were summarized and the evidence was appraised. Although earlier studies from 1994 to 2003 were lower-level studies and recommended further research on treatment of cognitive dysfunction in TBI, the literature from 2004 to present generally concluded that amantadine improved cognitive function related to arousal, memory, and aggression. It can be started days to months postinjury and still produces benefits.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Accuracy of physician-estimated probability of brain injury in children with minor head trauma.
To evaluate the accuracy of physician estimates of the probability of intracranial injury in children with minor head trauma. ⋯ Physician estimates of probability of any brain injury in children were collectively accurate for children with low and moderate degrees of predicted risk. Risk was underestimated in infants.
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The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is a useful means of measuring postural stability, which frequently exhibits deficits after a concussion. However, it has limited applicability for children since there is insufficient normative data available for the BESS in the pediatric population. The purposes of this study were to report scores for the BESS in children 10 to 17 years old with no history of concussion and to identify whether BESS score is correlated with age, sex, sports participation, height, weight, or body mass index. ⋯ These results provide a reference for clinicians using BESS to evaluate and manage children and teens with concussions.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2015
A threshold shear force for calcium influx in an astrocyte model of traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to brain damage resulting from external mechanical force, such as a blast or crash. Our current understanding of TBI is derived mainly from in vivo studies that show measurable biological effects on neurons sampled after TBI. Little is known about the early responses of brain cells during stimuli and which features of the stimulus are most critical to cell injury. ⋯ The voltage-gated channel blockers, nifedipine, diltiazem, and verapamil, were also ineffective. The data show that the mechanically induced Ca(2+) influx commonly associated with neuron models for TBI is also present in astrocytes, and there is a viscoelastic/plastic coupling of shear stress to the Ca(2+) influx. The site of Ca(2+) influx has yet to be determined.