Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2015
Identification of the vascular source of vasogenic brain edema following traumatic brain injury using in vivo 2-photon microscopy in mice.
Vasogenic brain edema due to vascular leakage is one of the most important factors determining the clinical outcome of patients following acute brain injury. To date, performing a detailed in vivo quantification of vascular leakage has not been possible. Here, we used in vivo 2-photon microscopy (2-PM) to determine the spatial (3D) and temporal development of vasogenic brain edema following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice; in addition, we identified the vessel types involved in vascular leakage. ⋯ Both arterioles and venules contributed similarly to brain edema formation and their contribution was independent of vessel size; however, capillaries were the major contributor to leakage. In summary, using 2-PM to perform in vivo 3D deep-brain imaging, we found that TBI induces vascular leakage from capillaries, venules, and arterioles. Thus, all three vessel types are involved in trauma-induced brain edema and should be considered when developing novel therapies for preventing vasogenic brain edema.
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Economic evaluations provide a unique opportunity to identify the optimal strategies for the diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI), for which uncertainty is common and the economic burden is substantial. ⋯ Threshold-guided CT scanning, adherence to Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines, and care for patients with TBI, including those with nonsurgical lesions, in specialized settings appear to be economically attractive strategies.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of injury, disability, and death in the United States. Amantadine is an established dopamine agonist that supports neurological function. The purpose of this literature review was to determine whether amantadine improves cognitive function post-TBI. ⋯ Outcomes were summarized and the evidence was appraised. Although earlier studies from 1994 to 2003 were lower-level studies and recommended further research on treatment of cognitive dysfunction in TBI, the literature from 2004 to present generally concluded that amantadine improved cognitive function related to arousal, memory, and aggression. It can be started days to months postinjury and still produces benefits.
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Review
Actual data on epidemiological evolution and prevention endeavours regarding traumatic brain injury.
Knowledge of the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is required both to prevent this disorder and to develop effective care and rehabilitation approaches for patients. ⋯ CNS = central nervous system, ED = emergency department, EU = European Union, FTE = Full Time Employees, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States, WHO = World Health Organization.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Jul 2015
Comparative StudyDecreased apparent diffusion coefficient in the pituitary and correlation with hypopituitarism in patients with traumatic brain injury.
The relationship between microstructural abnormality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hormone-secreting status remains unknown. In this study, the authors aimed to identify the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using a diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique and to evaluate the association of such changes with hypopituitarism in patients with TBI. ⋯ Use of DWI demonstrated that the pituitary ADC is correlated with hormone-secreting status in TBI patients. The authors suggest that pituitary ADC may be a useful biomarker to predict pituitary function in patients with TBI.