Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
-
Journal of neurotrauma · Oct 2014
Anesthesia for euthanasia influences mRNA expression in healthy mice and after traumatic brain injury.
Tissue sampling for gene expression analysis is usually performed under general anesthesia. Anesthetics are known to modulate hemodynamics, receptor-mediated signaling cascades, and outcome parameters. The present study determined the influence of anesthetic paradigms typically used for euthanization and tissue sampling on cerebral mRNA expression in mice. ⋯ Effects were independent of absolute mRNA copy numbers. The data demonstrate that a few minutes of anesthesia before tissue sampling are sufficient to induce immediate mRNA changes, which seem to predominate in the early-regulated gene cluster. Anesthesia-related effects on gene expression might explain limited reproduciblity of real-time PCR data between studies or research groups and should therefore be considered for quantitative PCR data.
-
The objective of this prospective cohort study was to analyse the characteristics of severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in a regional trauma centre Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) along with its impact of various prognostic factors post Decompressive Craniectomy (DC). ⋯ Our series represent both urban and rural population, noted to be the largest series in severe TBI in this region. Severe head injury accounts for significant proportion of neurosurgical admissions, resources with its impact on socio-economic concerns to a growing population like Malaysia. This study concludes that the predictors of outcome in severe TBI post DC were postoperative hypoxia, unmaintained cerebral perfusion pressure and unstable blood pressure as independent predictors of poor outcome. Key words: Decompressive craniectomy, prognostication of decompressive craniectomy, prognostication of severe head injury, prognostication of traumatic brain injury, severe head injury, severe traumatic brain injury, traumatic brain injury.
-
J Trace Elem Med Biol · Oct 2014
Zinc chelation reduces traumatic brain injury-induced neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases hippocampal neurogenesis in the rodent brain. However, the mechanisms underlying increased neurogenesis after TBI remain unknown. Continuous neurogenesis occurs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in the adult brain. ⋯ However, the number of BrdU, Ki67 and DCX positive cells was significantly decreased by CQ treatment. The present study shows that zinc chelation did not prevent neurodegeneration but did reduce TBI-induced progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Therefore, this study suggests that zinc has an essential role for modulating hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI.
-
Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a major constituent of licorice root and has been suggested to inhibit the release of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a protein considered representative of damage-associated molecular patterns. We found that GL bound HMGB1 but not RAGE with a moderate equilibrium dissociation constant value based on surface plasmon resonance analysis. This complex formation prevented HMGB1 from binding to RAGE in vitro. ⋯ The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in injured sites was completely inhibited by GL treatment. In RAGE-/- mice, the effects of GL were not observed. These results suggested that GL may be a novel therapeutic agent for TBI through its interference with HMGB1 and RAGE interaction.
-
Journal of neurotrauma · Oct 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyNO-Synthase Inhibition with the Antipterin VAS203 improves Outcome in moderate and severe Traumatic Brain Injury: a Placebo-Controlled Randomised Phase II Trial (NOSTRA).
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of death and disability. Safety and pharmacodynamics of 4-amino-tetrahydrobiopterin (VAS203), a nitric oxide (NO)-synthase inhibitor, were assessed in TBI in an exploratory Phase IIa study (NOSynthase Inhibition in TRAumatic brain injury=NOSTRA). The study included 32 patients with TBI in six European centers. ⋯ At the highest dose administered, four of eight patients receiving VAS203 showed transitory acute kidney injury (stage 2-3). In conclusion, the significant improvement in clinical outcome indicates VAS203-mediated neuroprotection after TBI. At the highest dose, VAS203 is associated with a risk of acute kidney injury.