Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Astragaloside (AST) is traditionally prescribed for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. We directly tested the therapeutic effects of AST in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ TBI-induced microglial activation evidenced by the morphological transformation of microglia (or ameboid microglia) and the microglial overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was reduced by AST. Our results indicate that AST may protect against brain contusion and neuronal apoptosis after TBI by attenuating microglia activation in male rats.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jan 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyMood disorders after traumatic brain injury in adolescents and young adults: a nationwide population-based cohort study.
To delineate the relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and mood disorders from population-based data in Taiwan. ⋯ Our findings show a higher likelihood of manifesting mood disorders in adolescents and young adults who sustained a prior TBI. Health professionals should carefully monitor both the physical and psychological impacts of head trauma.
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2014
ReviewGlucose and the injured brain-monitored in the neurointensive care unit.
Brain has a continuous demand for energy that is met by oxidative metabolism of oxygen and glucose. This demand is compromised in the injured brain and if the inadequate supply persists it will lead to permanent tissue damage. Zero values of cerebral glucose have been associated with infarction and poor neurological outcome. ⋯ Available data suggest that low cerebral glucose in patients with TBI and SAH provides valuable information on development of secondary ischemia and has been correlated with worse outcome. There is also indication that the location of the catheter is important for correlation between plasma and brain glucose. In conclusion considering catheter location, monitoring of brain glucose in the neurointensive care not only provides information on imminent secondary ischemia it also reveals the effect of peripheral treatment on the injured brain.
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Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. · Jan 2014
ReviewChronic neurodegenerative consequences of traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health concern and a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Each year, an estimated 1.7 million Americans sustain TBI of which ~52,000 people die, ~275,000 people are hospitalized and 1,365,000 people are treated as emergency outpatients. Currently there are ~5.3 million Americans living with TBI. ⋯ Single brain injury is linked to later development of symptoms resembling Alzheimer's disease while repetitive brain injuries are linked to later development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and/or Dementia Pugilistica (DP). Furthermore, genetic background of ß-amyloid precursor protein (APP), Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), presenilin (PS) and neprilysin (NEP) genes is associated with exacerbation of neurodegenerative process after TBI. This review encompasses acute effects and chronic neurodegenerative consequences after TBI.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jan 2014
ReviewCommunity integration after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of the clinical implications of measurement and service provision for older adults.
To explore the scope, reliability, and validity of community integration measures for older adults after traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ Enhancing integration of older adults after TBI into their community of choice, with particular emphasis on social integration and quality of life, should be a primary rehabilitation goal. However, more research is needed to inform best practice guidelines to meet the needs of this growing TBI population. It is recommended that subjective tools, such as quality of life measures, are used in conjunction with well-established community integration measures, such as the CIQ, during the assessment process.