Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Observational Study
The Impact of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Saturation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
There are a range of opinions on the benefits and thresholds for the transfusion of red blood cells in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and an urgent need to understand the neurophysiologic effects. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of red blood cell transfusions on cerebral tissue oxygenation (SctO2) in critically ill TBI patients. ⋯ The bifrontal method of recording changes in NIRS signal was not able to detect a measurable impact on SctO2 in this sample of patients receiving red blood cell transfusion therapy in a narrow but conventionally relevant, range of anemia.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Apr 2017
REGULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYSTEM ARE THE TARGET OF GUANOSINE EFFECT IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly complex multi-factorial disorder. Experimental trauma involves primary and secondary injury cascades that underlie delayed neuronal dysfunction and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamatergic excitotoxicity are the hallmark mechanisms of damage. ⋯ Our results showed that mitochondrial dysfunction contributed to decreased glutamate uptake and levels of glial glutamate transporters (glutamate transporter 1 and glutamate aspartate transporter), which leads to excitotoxicity. GUO treatment ameliorated mitochondrial damage and glutamatergic dyshomeostasis. Thus, GUO might provide a new efficacious strategy for the treatment acute physiological alterations secondary to TBI.
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Am J Geriatr Psychiatry · Apr 2017
Psychotropic Medication Use among Medicare Beneficiaries Following Traumatic Brain Injury.
To characterize psychotropic medication use before and after traumatic brain injury (TBI) hospitalization among older adults. A secondary objective is to determine how receipt of indicated pharmacologic treatment for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differs following TBI. ⋯ Older adults hospitalized with TBI have a high prevalence of psychotropic medication use yet are less likely to receive indicated pharmacological treatment for newly diagnosed anxiety and PTSD following TBI.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in US children. Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) occur in 11-42% of children with severe TBI and are associated with unfavorable outcome. Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring may be used to detect PTS and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may be used to treat PTS, but national rates of EEG and AED use are not known. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency and timing of EEG and AED use in children hospitalized after severe TBI. ⋯ EEG use is relatively uncommon in children with severe TBI, but AEDs are frequently prescribed. EEG monitoring and AED use are more common in children with known risk factors for PTS.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2017
Effectiveness of 7.5% hypertonic saline in children with severe traumatic brain injury.
Hyperosmolar therapies aim at controlling increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS) on ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in children with severe TBI. ⋯ In our study, 7.5% HTS infusion as a second-tier osmotic therapy was associated with significant reduction of ICP and increase of CPP in children with severe TBI.