Articles: erectile-dysfunction.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Mar 2011
ReviewCardiovascular risk, drugs and erectile function--a systematic analysis.
Erectile dysfunction is a major problem with an increasing prevalence in cardiovascular high-risk patients due to its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Drugs used for evidence-based treatment of cardiovascular diseases have been reported to decrease erectile function, but possible mechanisms are poorly characterised. ⋯ Inappropriate patients' concerns about adverse effects of cardiovascular drugs on erectile function might limit the use of important medications in cardiovascular high-risk patients. Knowledge about the effects of drug-treatments on erectile function and about the major role of the endothelium in penile function might improve patients' adherence to evidence based treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Postgraduate medicine · Nov 2010
ReviewHypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: what the clinician needs to know.
Testosterone levels and erectile function are known to decline as men age, leading to hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction (ED). Men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a particularly high prevalence of hypogonadism and ED. This population also has an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, as well as exposure to other metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity. ⋯ Hypogonadism is generally suspected when morning levels for total testosterone are < 300 ng/dL and clinical signs and symptoms typically associated with androgen deficiency are present. While hypogonadism and ED have emerged as predictors of cardiovascular disease and may respond to the lifestyle changes commonly recommended for patients with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, the literature on whether treatment with testosterone supplementation affects outcomes beyond well-being and sexual function is still emerging. Primary care providers should be aware of this dysmetabolic cluster affecting their male patients and its importance, and, given the common occurrence of hypogonadism, ED, and T2DM, diagnosis of 1 of these conditions should elicit inquiry into the other 2 conditions.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Mar 2010
ReviewCounterfeit phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors pose significant safety risks.
Counterfeit drugs are inherently dangerous and a growing problem; counterfeiters are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Growth of the counterfeit medication market is attributable in part to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) medications for erectile dysfunction (ED). Millions of counterfeit PDE5is are seized yearly and account for the bulk of all counterfeit pharmaceutical product seizures. ⋯ Globally, increased obstacles for counterfeiters are necessary to combat pharmaceutical counterfeiting, including fines and penalties. The worldwide nature of the counterfeit problem requires proper coordination between countries to ensure adequate enforcement. Locally, physicians who treat ED need to inform patients of the dangers of ordering PDE5is via the Internet.
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Studies have repeatedly confirmed that about 52% of men between the ages of 40 and 70 years have some degree of erectile dysfunction (ED). Other studies have shown that as a man ages, his testosterone level will naturally decrease. Over the last number of years, we have also seen that ED may be one of the earliest signs and markers of endothelial dysfunction. ⋯ It is very important for the primary care physician to identify patients who are suffering from ED and/or hypogonadism, and to also identify any other existing comorbidities. This article discusses the suggested work up, diagnosis, and management of men who present with either ED or symptoms and signs suggestive of hypogonadism (low testosterone). It also discusses the potential relationship between these conditions and metabolic syndrome.
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Der Urologe. Ausg. A · Oct 2009
Review[Sleep apnea in urology. Influence of obstructive sleep apnea on erection and bladder function].
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects 4-5% of middle-aged men. A high percentage of these patients suffer from additional urological diseases such as erectile dysfunction, nocturia, overactive bladder, and urgency incontinence. Awareness of these correlations is crucial for diagnosis and treatment of affected patients to avoid unnecessary medical treatment and even prevent fatal cardiovascular events, which can be associated with obstructive sleep apnea.