Articles: back-pain.
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Motor performance during childhood and adolescence is recognized as a relevant determinant of present and future health, but its effects on back pain (BP) remain unclear. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify the association between motor performance and BP in children and adolescents. ⋯ This systematic review shows that motor performance (flexibility, muscle endurance, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, balance and speed) was not associated with BP in children and adolescents. Most of the results were inconsistent because of the lack of studies, risk of bias and low quality of evidence. Only trunk extensor muscle endurance was associated with decreased BP with moderate quality of supporting evidence.
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Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by inflammatory low back pain, inflammation in peripheral joints and entheses, and other extra-articular or systemic manifestations. Although our understanding of the natural history of axSpA has been limited by incomplete knowledge of disease pathogenesis, axSpA is increasingly understood as a spectrum of axial, peripheral, and extra-articular inflammatory conditions that includes nonradiographic axSpA and radiographic axSpA, also known as ankylosing spondylitis. ⋯ We present a detailed overview of the spectrum of axSpA clinical manifestations and highlight factors known to influence the risk of disease progression. Finally, we provide some expert commentary on the practical use of this road map to assist health care providers in the identification of axSpA in clinical practice.
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The biopsychosocial mechanism by which exercise leads to improvement in chronic low back pain (CLBP) remains unstudied. This prospective cohort study was performed to examine the effectiveness of exercise on pain, disability, and psychological status for CLBP. We also tested path analytic models in which changes in these variables were included. ⋯ Exercise improved disability, and the improved disability by exercise mediated the effect of increased self-efficacy on pain relief in CLBP patients.
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Review
Far-Contralateral Oblique (FCO) Sacroiliac Joint Injection: Description of a Novel Technique.
Sacroiliac (SI) joint arthropathy is the primary pain generator in approximately 15-25% of patients with axial low back pain and traditionally diagnosed with >50% pain reduction following an intra-articular injection localized to the inferior 1/3 of the SI joint. The conventional technique for accessing the SI joint encompasses a posterior approach with fluoroscopic guidance at 10-20⁰ contralateral oblique angulation, and minor adjustments to this approach have been implemented with varying degrees of success. ⋯ It can also be utilized to determine if a patient is a candidate for posterior percutaneous SI joint fusion. The authors sought to document this approach to ensure that it was both reproducible and safe, while recognizing the need for future studies.
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Chronic back pain is a common problem that negatively impacts the wellbeing of many adolescents. Prior research suggests that the prevalence of chronic back pain has increased over the last decades, but research on this issue is scarce, single country-based, and has yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine trends in the prevalence of chronic back pain over time in adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15, using data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. ⋯ More resources should be allocated to the prevention and treatment of chronic back pain in adolescents, especially for older girls. PERSPECTIVE: The prevalence of chronic back pain in adolescents has increased from 2001-2002 to 2013-2014, especially in older adolescent girls. These findings underline the need of further research to understand the reason behind the increasing trend, and what programs are better suited to prevent chronic back pain among adolescents.