Articles: patients.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Comparison of Postoperative outcomes Among Patients Treated by Male Versus Female Surgeons: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
To compare clinical outcomes of patients treated by female surgeons versus those treated by male surgeons. ⋯ This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that patients treated by female surgeons have a lower mortality compared with those treated by male surgeons.
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Meta Analysis
In hospitalized patients with influenza, oseltamivir or peramivir may reduce hospital length of stay (low-certainty evidence).
Gao Y, Guyatt G, Uyeki TM, et al. Antivirals for treatment of severe influenza: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2024;404:753-763. 39181595.
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There have been at least 7 separate randomised controlled trials published between 2011 and 2023 that have examined primary care for nonspecific low back pain informed by the STarT Back approach to stratified care based on risk prediction, compared with care not informed by this approach. The results, across 4 countries, have been contrasting-some demonstrating effectiveness and/or efficiency of this approach, others finding no benefits over comparison interventions. ⋯ Rather, the learning thus far suggests that challenges in implementing stratified care in clinical practice and in changing professional practice largely explain the contrasting trial results. The review makes recommendations for future research, including greater focus on studying facilitators of implementation of stratified care and developing better treatments for patients with nonspecific low back pain at high risk of poor outcomes.
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Meta Analysis
Antibiotic-Impregnated Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts Decrease Bacterial Shunt Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Antibiotic-impregnated shunts seem to be beneficial in preventing bacterial infections and decreasing mortality by effectively inhibiting microbial growth in the shunt system and reducing the risk of shunt-associated infections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters (AISC) in reducing the incidence of bacterial shunt infection in patients with hydrocephalus. ⋯ Our study provided evidence that AISC is significantly associated with the reduction in the rate of bacterial ventriculoperitoneal-shunt infection. In addition, there was a tendency toward AISC to decrease shunt failure compared with the standard shunt.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2024
ReviewIntraoperative Anesthetic Strategies to Mitigate Early Allograft Dysfunction After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Narrative Review.
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Hepatic insufficiency within a week of OLT, termed early allograft dysfunction (EAD), occurs in 20% to 25% of deceased donor OLT recipients and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Primary nonfunction (PNF), the most severe form of EAD, leads to death or retransplantation within 7 days. ⋯ During recipient reperfusion, the anesthesiologist can optimize oxygen exposure, consider adjunct anesthetics with antioxidant-like properties, and administer supplemental magnesium. Unfortunately, there is either mixed, little, or no data to support the routine use of many free radical scavengers. Given the sparse, limited, or at times conflicting evidence supporting some of these strategies, there are ample opportunities for more research to find intraoperative anesthetic strategies to mitigate the impact of EAD and improve postoperative outcomes in OLT recipients.