Articles: patients.
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To explore the meaning of end-of-life care for critically ill cancer patients, families, oncologists, palliative care specialists, critical care consultants and nurses. ⋯ There is an opportunity for nurses to use the care of patients dying in critical care to develop specialist knowledge and lead in care, but it requires mastery and reconciliation of both technology and end-of-life care. Healthcare professionals can help facilitate acceptance for families and patients, particularly regarding involvement in decisions and ensuring patient advocacy.
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Although posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) has a successful fusion rate, the long-term outcome of PLIF is occasionally below expectations because of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). ⋯ Hybrid stabilization using DIAM and pedicle screws can be used for patients with facet degeneration at adjacent segments but should be further investigated.