Articles: mass-screening.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Influence of replacing tuberculin skin test with ex vivo interferon γ release assays on decision to administer prophylactic antituberculosis antibiotics before anti-TNF therapy.
The recommendations for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) before antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy are based on the tuberculin skin test (TST), which lacks both specificity and sensitivity and can lead to unnecessary treatment with antibiotics. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of replacing TST with interferon γ (IFNγ) release assays (IGRA) in screening for LTBI and deciding to begin prophylactic antituberculosis (TB) antibiotics before anti-TNF therapy in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. ⋯ Replacing TST with IGRA for determining LTBI allowed the proportion of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases needing prophylactic anti-TB antibiotics before beginning anti-TNF agents to be reduced by half.
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Multicenter Study
The incidence of interval cancers in the German mammography screening program: results from the population-based cancer registry in North Rhine-Westphalia.
Cancer screening programs must meet high standards for quality and effectiveness, because many healthy persons need to be screened to detect relatively few cases of cancer. In this study, we use the rate of interval cancers as an important surrogate indicator for evaluating the German mammography screening program (MSP). ⋯ The IC rates in the implementation phase of the MSP agree with those found in other, established European programs. The present study is the first one to assess this important surrogate parameter to characterize the effectiveness of the German MSP among women in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany's largest state by population.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Oct 2012
Multicenter StudyScreening of patients with tuberculosis for diabetes mellitus in China.
There is a high burden of both diabetes (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in China, and this study aimed to assess feasibility and results of screening patients with TB for DM within the routine healthcare setting of six health facilities. ⋯ This pilot project shows that it is feasible to screen patients with TB for DM in the routine setting, resulting in a high yield of patients with known and newly diagnosed disease. Free blood tests for glucose measurement and integration of TB and DM services may improve the diagnosis and management of dually affected patients.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Oct 2012
Multicenter StudyScreening patients with diabetes mellitus for tuberculosis in China.
There is a high burden of both diabetes (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in China, and as DM increases the risk of TB and adversely affects TB treatment outcomes, there is a need for bidirectional screening of the two diseases. How this is best performed is not well determined. In this pilot project in China, we aimed to assess the feasibility and results of screening DM patients for TB within the routine healthcare setting of five DM clinics. ⋯ This pilot project shows that it is feasible to carry out screening of DM patients for TB resulting in high detection rates of TB. This has major public health and patient-related implications.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Oct 2012
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyScreening ultrasonography of 2,204 patients with blunt abdominal trauma in the Wenchuan earthquake.
Abdominal injuries constitute a small proportion of all earthquake-related traumas; however, it often resulted in fatal hemorrhage. Ultrasonography has been described as an effective triage tool in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma. We aimed to present an overview of the diagnostic accuracy of screening ultrasonography for patients with blunt abdominal trauma admitted to various hospitals during the Wenchuan earthquake in China. ⋯ Diagnostic study, level III.