Articles: mass-screening.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Comparison of the quick mild cognitive impairment (Qmci) screen and the SMMSE in screening for mild cognitive impairment.
differentiating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from normal cognition (NC) is difficult. The AB Cognitive Screen (ABCS) 135, sensitive in differentiating MCI from dementia, was modified to improve sensitivity and specificity, producing the quick mild cognitive impairment (Qmci) screen. ⋯ the Qmci is more sensitive than the SMMSE in differentiating MCI and NC, making it a useful test, for MCI in clinical practice, especially for older adults.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy versus effectiveness study design within the European screening trial for prostate cancer: consequences for cancer incidence, overall mortality and cancer-specific mortality.
To assess the impact of different study designs on outcome data within the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). ⋯ Our results suggest that an efficacy trial with informed consent prior to randomization may have introduced a 'healthy screenee bias'. Therefore, an effectiveness trial with consent after randomization may more accurately estimate the PC-specific mortality reduction if population-based screening is introduced.
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Multicenter Study
Prevalence and determinants of recent HIV testing among sexually active men who have sex with men in the St. Louis metropolitan area, Missouri, 2008.
New human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses in the St. Louis metropolitan area, MO, occur predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends HIV testing at least annually for sexually active MSM. We examined prevalence and factors associated with recent HIV testing among MSM in the St. Louis area. ⋯ Nearly half of sexually active MSM in this analysis had not been tested for HIV during the previous year. Annual visits to health care providers during which sexual risk is discussed are likely to promote testing among MSM.
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Multicenter Study
Effects of maternal screening and universal immunization to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of HBV.
Mother-to-infant transmission is the major cause of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among immunized children. There has been much debate about screening pregnant women and administering hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to newborns. We analyzed the rate of HBV infection among children born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers and whether HBIG administration reduces transmission. ⋯ Children born to HBeAg-positive mothers are at greatest risk for chronic HBV infection (9.26%), despite immunization. Administration of HBIG to infants born to HBeAg-negative mothers did not appear to reduce the rate of chronic HBV infection, but might prevent infantile fulminant hepatitis. Screening pregnant women for HBsAg and HBeAg might control mother-to-infant transmission of HBV.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Evaluation of the PHQ-9 Item 3 as a screen for sleep disturbance in primary care.
Sleep disturbance is a significant problem for adults presenting to primary care. Though it is recommended that primary care providers screen for sleep problems, a brief, effective screening tool is not available. ⋯ Item 3 of the PHQ-9 shows promise as a screener for sleep problems in primary care. Using this one-item of a popular screening measure for depression in primary care allows providers to easily screen for two important issues without unnecessarily adding significant burden.