Articles: mass-screening.
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Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis · Jan 2012
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyMunicipality screening of citizens with suspicion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Up to 436,000 adult Danes suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with only one third diagnosed at this time. The Danish National Board of Health recommends early detection of COPD, focusing on smokers/ex-smokers over 35 years of age with at least one lung symptom. A governmental prevention committee has suggested that the municipalities, in addition to general practice, should be a potential arena responsible for early detection of COPD. We undertook a pilot study to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of early detection of COPD in municipalities following the recommendations of the Danish National Board of Health. ⋯ In addition to early detection of COPD in general practice, early detection of airway obstruction in defined risk populations in Danish municipalities seems feasible and effective for identifying new patients with COPD. However, additional research is needed in larger samples to confirm the results of the present study.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Screening by chest radiograph and lung cancer mortality: the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) randomized trial.
The effect on mortality of screening for lung cancer with modern chest radiographs is unknown. ⋯ Annual screening with chest radiograph did not reduce lung cancer mortality compared with usual care.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Identification of patients with sleep disordered breathing: comparing the four-variable screening tool, STOP, STOP-Bang, and Epworth Sleepiness Scales.
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) has been used to detect patients with potential sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Recently, a 4-Variable screening tool was proposed to identify patients with SDB, in addition to the STOP and STOP-Bang questionnaires. This study evaluated the abilities of the 4-Variable screening tool, STOP, STOP-Bang, and ESS questionnaires in identifying subjects at risk for SDB. ⋯ In community populations such as the SHHS, high specificities may be more useful in excluding low-risk patients, while avoiding false positives. However, sleep clinicians may prefer to use screening tools with high sensitivities, like the STOP-Bang, in order to avoid missing cases that may lead to adverse health consequences and increased healthcare costs.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Sep 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyOnce-only sigmoidoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: follow-up findings of the Italian Randomized Controlled Trial--SCORE.
A single flexible sigmoidoscopy at around the age of 60 years has been proposed as an effective strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. ⋯ A single flexible sigmoidoscopy screening between ages 55 and 64 years was associated with a substantial reduction of CRC incidence and mortality.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Phase II screening trial of lithium carbonate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: examining a more efficient trial design.
To use a historical placebo control design to determine whether lithium carbonate slows progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ⋯ This study provided Class IV evidence that lithium carbonate does not slow the rate of decline of function in patients with ALS over 13 months.