Articles: child.
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Int J Psychophysiol · Aug 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialModulation of γ and spindle-range power by slow oscillations in scalp sleep EEG of children.
Deep sleep is characterized by slow waves of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex. They represent alternating down states and up states of, respectively, hyperpolarization with accompanying neuronal silence and depolarization during which neuronal firing resumes. The up states give rise to faster oscillations, notably spindles and gamma activity which appear to be of major importance to the role of sleep in brain function and cognition. ⋯ There were no differences between the groups who received and did not receive acoustic stimulation in the sleep parameters and slow wave-locked time-frequency analysis. Our findings show, for the first time in scalp EEG in humans, that gamma activity is associated with the up-going slope and peak of the slow wave. We propose that studies in children provide a uniquely feasible opportunity to conduct investigations into the role of gamma during sleep.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Online problem-solving therapy for executive dysfunction after child traumatic brain injury.
Executive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children is common and leads to significant problems in functioning across multiple settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based counselor-assisted problem solving (CAPS) intervention compared with an Internet resource comparison (IRC) for treatment of executive dysfunction within 12 months after complicated mild to severe TBI in adolescents. We hypothesized that CAPS would significantly improve parent ratings of executive dysfunction compared with an IRC. ⋯ Findings indicate that web-based CAPS improves primary caregiver-rated executive functioning within the first 12 months after TBI in older adolescents. Future research needs to define the optimal timing after injury for delivery of CAPS and characteristics of individuals and families who are most likely to benefit from CAPS.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · May 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of dexmedetomidine infusion on laryngeal mask airway removal and postoperative recovery in children anaesthetised with sevoflurane.
We investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine infusion on the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane required for smooth removal of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and on the incidence of respiratory complications during postoperative recovery in paediatric patients anaesthetised with sevoflurane. Eighty-seven patients (ASA 1 or 2, aged 3-7 years) were randomly allocated to receive saline (Group C), 0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine (Group D(1)), or 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine (Group D(2)) after LMA insertion. A predetermined end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for each patient was determined using the Dixon's up-and-down method (starting at 2.2% and step was 0.2%). ⋯ The incidence of breath-holding was significantly lower in Group D(2) (3%) than in Group C (27%; P=0.009), but comparable between Groups D(1) (17%) and C (P=0.385). The incidence of severe coughing was significantly lower in Groups D(1) (14%) and D(2) (6%) as compared to Group C (39%; P=0.005), but comparable between Groups D(1) and D(2) (P=0.323). In conclusion, dexmedetomidine infusion produced a dose-dependent decrease in the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane required for smooth LMA removal in children and was associated less agitation in the post-anaesthetic care unit.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
A cough algorithm for chronic cough in children: a multicenter, randomized controlled study.
The goals of this study were to: (1) determine if management according to a standardized clinical management pathway/algorithm (compared with usual treatment) improves clinical outcomes by 6 weeks; and (2) assess the reliability and validity of a standardized clinical management pathway for chronic cough in children. ⋯ Management of children with chronic cough, in accordance with a standardized algorithm, improves clinical outcomes irrespective of when it is implemented. Further testing of this standardized clinical algorithm in different settings is recommended.
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J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. · Apr 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialThe efficacy of a vocabulary intervention for dual-language learners with language impairment.
In this study, the authors evaluated the efficacy of a Spanish-English versus English-only vocabulary intervention for dual-language learners (DLLs) with language impairment compared to mathematics intervention groups and typically developing controls with no intervention. Further, in this study the authors also examined whether the language of instruction affected English, Spanish, and conceptual vocabulary differentially. ⋯ English-only intervention supports only English. Use of repeated dialogic reading and hands-on activities facilitates vocabulary acquisition.