Articles: child.
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The activist roles that parents play in the establishment and function of child life programs are presented. Five areas of parental activism are identified and discussed, including creation of a child life program, contributions to child life, protest activities, education of child life workers, and emotional support and role validation of workers. The barriers to effective activism are explored as they exist in the parent, the child life worker, and the institution. The summary includes suggestions to facilitate parental activism.
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The purpose of this study was to identify staff behaviors and parental coping patterns helpful to parents during their child's hospitalization in a pediatric intensive care unit. Subjects were 21 mothers and 15 fathers of 27 hospitalized children. ⋯ The staff behavior seen as most important by the largest number of parents was "being permitted to stay with their child as much as possible." In evaluating the overall findings regarding personal coping strategies, it appears that parents most frequently used problem-focused coping strategies and that these strategies were seen as most helpful. Emotion-focused coping was used by a slightly lower percentage of parents than the other categories.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Immunisation of 4-6 month old Gambian infants with Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine.
Five different vaccination schedules were used to immunise Gambian infants aged 4-6 months against measles with the attenuated Edmonston-Zagreb strain of virus, which has a history of passage in human diploid cells. Vaccine aerosol given either by mask in a dose of 3500 or 7000 plaque-forming units (PFU) or from a plastic bag at a dose of 7000 PFU raised haemagglutinin-inhibiting or plaque-inhibiting measles antibody 16-24 weeks after vaccination to a titre of 1 in 8 or greater in all but 3 of the 51 children so vaccinated. ⋯ None of the vaccinated children had clinical evidence of measles in the 12 to 17 months after vaccination. The Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine, given subcutaneously or by other routes at 4-6 months, may be useful in preventing measles in infants in African cities, where 15-30% of children have measles before they are 9 months old, which is the recommended age for immunisation with the chick-cell-adapted strains of measles virus.
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A study to assess the effectiveness of a preoperative preparation program on the child and family was undertaken. Three groups of mothers and children who were to undergo tonsillo-adenoidectomy were tested, pre- and postoperatively, using a questionnaire and IPAT Anxiety Scale. ⋯ Children's, but not mothers', anxiety appeared to reduced by attendance at the program. The IPAT Anxiety Scale revealed that the anxiety of mothers of children who did not attend the preoperative preparation program was the highest of all three groups.