Articles: child.
-
Acute viral bronchiolitis is one of the most common medical emergency situations in infancy, and physicians caring for acutely ill children will regularly be faced with this condition. In this article we present a summary of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis, and focus on guidelines for the treatment of bronchiolitis in infants. The cornerstones of the management of viral bronchiolitis are the administration of oxygen and appropriate fluid therapy, and overall a "minimal handling approach" is recommended. ⋯ Recently, inhalation with hypertonic saline has been suggested as an optional treatment. When medical treatment fails to stabilize the infants, non-invasive and invasive ventilation may be necessary to prevent and support respiratory failure. It is important that relevant treatment algorithms exist, applicable to all levels of the treatment chain and reflecting local considerations and circumstances.
-
Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 2014
ReviewProtocol-driven enteral nutrition in critically ill children: a systematic review.
Enteral nutrition (EN) protocols are thought to improve clinical outcomes in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU); however, critical evaluation of their efficacy is limited. We conducted a systematic review with the aim of assessing the effect of EN protocols on important clinical outcomes in these children. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Database for Reviews, Embase, and CINAHL using predetermined keywords and MESH terms. ⋯ There is low-level evidence that the use of EN protocols is associated with a reduction in GI and infective complications and improved timeliness of feed initiation and achievement of goal feeds. Current medical literature does not have compelling data on the effects of an EN protocol on clinical outcomes among critically ill children. Future clinical trials should look into using standardized interventions and outcome measures to strengthen the existing evidence.
-
Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Isotonic versus hypotonic maintenance IV fluids in hospitalized children: a meta-analysis.
To assess evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the safety of isotonic versus hypotonic intravenous (IV) maintenance fluids in hospitalized children. ⋯ Isotonic fluids are safer than hypotonic fluids in hospitalized children requiring maintenance IV fluid therapy in terms of pNa.
-
J Family Med Prim Care · Jan 2014
ReviewInformed consent: corner stone in ethical medical and dental practice.
Progress in health care technologies has enabled patients to be better informed about all aspects of health care. Patients' informed consent is a legal regulation and a moral principle which represents patients' rights to take part in the clinical decisions concerning their treatment. ⋯ Informed consent is also needed when providing medical care to children, foreign patients, and incorporating images of the patients while conducting medical and dental research. The present review addresses some of the vital issues regarding informed consent when providing medical and dental care with current review of the literature.
-
Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jan 2014
Review Comparative StudyComparative content review of children's participation measures using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth.
To evaluate to what extent instruments that intend to measure children's participation actually do so, and to what extent their items can be classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth (ICF-CY). ⋯ This review revealed differences in the inclusion of participation items in existing children's participation measures and their classification according to the ICF-CY. These differences need to be considered when selecting an instrument.