Articles: child.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Oct 2013
ReviewParents' experiences and views of caring for a child with a tracheostomy: a literature review.
To review the published/reported experiences and views of parents' whose child has had a tracheostomy. To date, no review has focused specifically on parents' experiences and views of having a child with a tracheostomy. ⋯ This review identifies a lack of qualitative research on parents' views of having a child with a tracheostomy. Issues surrounding parental management of tracheostomy require further investigation. This review has identified the need to elicit parents' longitudinal experiences of having a child with a tracheostomy.
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J Paediatr Child Health · Oct 2013
ReviewManaging snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea in childhood.
Snoring assessment and its differentiation from obstructive sleep apnoea are difficult based upon a parent history and physical examination of the size of the tonsils. Not only is the presence of obstructive sleep apnoea important to diagnose, but confirming its severity is the key determinant in prioritising treatment in a resource-limited setting. This review provides current knowledge on the utility of common diagnostic tests, results of treatment options available and implications of treatment and unrecognised or untreated obstructive sleep apnoea.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Oct 2013
Review[Current concepts of weaning children from invasive ventilation].
Timely weaning from invasive ventilation is of major importance to limit time of invasive ventilation and improve outcomes. However, in pediatrics only limited knowledge on the optimal weaning approach is available. ⋯ Standardized daily evaluation of weaning readiness, daily interruption of sedation, use of pediatric sedation protocols, application of noninvasive ventilation and prophylactic treatment with steroids of patients with high risk for post-extubation upper airway obstruction have been shown to decrease duration of invasive ventilation or to decrease the risk of extubation failure. However, due to the heterogeneous patient population in pediatric intensive care units, an individual approach might be necessary for certain subgroups of pediatric patients.
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The purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for routine use of seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. Highlights for the upcoming 2013-2014 season include (1) this year's trivalent influenza vaccine contains an A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09-like virus (same as 2012-2013); an A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2) virus (antigenically like the 2012-2013 strain); and a B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like virus (a B/Yamagata lineage like 2012-2013 but a different virus); (2) new quadrivalent influenza vaccines with an additional B virus (B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus [B/Victoria lineage]) have been licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration; (3) annual universal influenza immunization is indicated with either a trivalent or quadrivalent vaccine (no preference); and (4) the dosing algorithm for administration of influenza vaccine to children 6 months through 8 years of age is unchanged from 2012-2013. As always, pediatricians, nurses, and all health care personnel should promote influenza vaccine use and infection control measures. In addition, pediatricians should promptly identify influenza infections to enable rapid antiviral treatment, when indicated, to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is increasingly used in children both in acute and in chronic setting. Clinical data supporting safety, efficacy and limitations in children are growing. ⋯ Non-invasive ventilation can be applied at home. Its use at home requires appropriate diagnostic procedures, accurate titration of the ventilators, cooperative and educated families and careful, well-organized follow-up programs.