Articles: child.
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Over the past several decades, the overweight and obesity epidemic in the USA has resulted in a significant health and economic burden. Understanding current trends and future trajectories at both national and state levels is crucial for assessing the success of existing interventions and informing future health policy changes. We estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity from 1990 to 2021 with forecasts to 2050 for children and adolescents (aged 5-24 years) and adults (aged ≥25 years) at the national level. Additionally, we derived state-specific estimates and projections for older adolescents (aged 15-24 years) and adults for all 50 states and Washington, DC. ⋯ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Despite a high overall cure rate, relapsed B-cell ALL remains a leading cause of cancer-related death among children. The addition of the bispecific T-cell engager molecule blinatumomab (an anti-CD19 and anti-CD3 single-chain molecule) to therapy for newly diagnosed standard-risk (as defined by the National Cancer Institute) B-cell ALL in children may improve outcomes. ⋯ Adding blinatumomab to combination chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed childhood standard-risk B-cell ALL of average or high risk of relapse significantly improved disease-free survival. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; AALL1731 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03914625.).
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2024
The Influence of Pharmacogenetic Factors on the Pharmacokinetics of Morphine and Its Metabolites in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review.
Morphine is a potent analgesic used for treating surgical and cancer pain. Despite being the drug of choice for the management of severe pain in children, the high interindividual variability in morphine pharmacokinetics limits its clinical utility to effectively relieve pain without adverse effects. This review was conducted to identify and describe all studies that have assessed the effect of genetic factors on the pharmacokinetics of morphine and its main metabolites in children. ⋯ Variants of the genes SLC22A1 and ABCC3 had the most supporting evidence for genetic variants that influence morphine and morphine metabolites pharmacokinetics. Although the available evidence suggests a potential genetic contribution to the variability in morphine concentration, the heterogeneity of the included studies in terms of experimental design and small sample sizes in some studies makes it challenging to propose the use of genetic biomarkers to personalize morphine dosing. This underscores the need to conduct more comprehensive and large-scale pharmacokinetic-pharmacogenetic studies to determine how or if genetic testing can optimize morphine safety and effectiveness in children.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Dec 2024
Comparison of Race-neutral Versus Race-specific Spirometry Equations for Evaluation of Child Asthma.
Race-based estimates of pulmonary function in children could influence the evaluation of asthma in children from racial and ethnic minoritized backgrounds. ⋯ Parent-reported race and ethnicity influenced relationships between lung function and asthma outcomes. Our data show no advantage to race-specific equations for evaluating childhood asthma, and the potential for race-specific equations to obscure lung impairment in disadvantaged children strongly supports using race-neutral equations.