Articles: child.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effect of human rotavirus vaccine on severe diarrhea in African infants.
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis among young children worldwide. Data are needed to assess the efficacy of the rotavirus vaccine in African children. ⋯ Human rotavirus vaccine significantly reduced the incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis among African infants during the first year of life. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00241644.).
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Sep 2016
Multicenter StudyGlobal Trends in Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation Use and Survival of Patients With Influenza-Associated Illness.
To determine the overall use of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation for influenza-associated illness and describe risk factors associated with mortality in these patients. ⋯ Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation use for individuals with influenza increased over time, particularly after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, most notably among older adults. Survival to hospital discharge for patients with influenza on extracorporeal membranous oxygenation was slightly higher than survival to hospital discharge for respiratory illness due to any cause. Bacterial codetection was common among patients with influenza on extracorporeal membranous oxygenation and was associated with increased days on extracorporeal membranous oxygenation but not increased mortality. Only S. aureus codetection in children was associated with increased in-hospital mortality.
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Multicenter Study
Diagnostic Test Accuracy of a 2-Transcript Host RNA Signature for Discriminating Bacterial vs Viral Infection in Febrile Children.
Because clinical features do not reliably distinguish bacterial from viral infection, many children worldwide receive unnecessary antibiotic treatment, while bacterial infection is missed in others. ⋯ This study provides preliminary data regarding test accuracy of a 2-transcript host RNA signature discriminating bacterial from viral infection in febrile children. Further studies are needed in diverse groups of patients to assess accuracy and clinical utility of this test in different clinical settings.
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Scand J Trauma Resus · Aug 2016
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialValidation of the PECARN clinical decision rule for children with minor head trauma: a French multicenter prospective study.
To date, the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rule for identifying children who are at very low risk of clinically-important traumatic brain injuries after minor head trauma has not been validated prospectively in an independent population. Our goal was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the PECARN clinical decision rule in a French pediatric population in multiple clinical settings. ⋯ We conducted an external validation study of the PECARN clinical decision rule for the detection of clinically-important traumatic brain injuries in children with minor head trauma, according to the methodological standards. The PECARN rule successfully identified all patients with clinically-important traumatic brain injuries, with a limited use of CT scans. Conducting a broad validation study with a large cohort is a prerequisite to provide sufficient statistical power before authorizing its implementation and generalization.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Risk factors and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest following pediatric heart operations of varying complexity.
Multi center data regarding cardiac arrest in children undergoing heart operations of varying complexity are limited. ⋯ This study suggests that the patients undergoing high complexity operations are a higher risk group with increased prevalence of post-operative cardiac arrest. These data further suggest that patients undergoing high complexity operations can be rescued after cardiac arrest with a high survival rate.