Articles: child.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Hydroxycarbamide versus chronic transfusion for maintenance of transcranial doppler flow velocities in children with sickle cell anaemia-TCD With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
For children with sickle cell anaemia and high transcranial doppler (TCD) flow velocities, regular blood transfusions can effectively prevent primary stroke, but must be continued indefinitely. The efficacy of hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea) in this setting is unknown; we performed the TWiTCH trial to compare hydroxyurea with standard transfusions. ⋯ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Extended pre-exposure prophylaxis with lopinavir-ritonavir versus lamivudine to prevent HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding up to 50 weeks in infants in Africa (ANRS 12174): a randomised controlled trial.
Strategies to prevent postnatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Africa, including infant prophylaxis, have never been assessed past 6 months of breastfeeding, despite breastfeeding being recommended up to 12 months after birth. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of infant prophylaxis with the two drug regimens (lamivudine or lopinavir-ritonavir) to prevent postnatal HIV-1 transmission up to 50 weeks of breastfeeding. ⋯ INSERM/National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (including funds from the Total Foundation), European Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, Research Council of Norway.
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Multicenter Study
Gunshot-associated Fractures in Children and Adolescents Treated at Two Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Centers.
Gunshot injuries are a potentially significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, fracture locations, associated injuries, types of treatment, and complications of gunshot-associated fractures in children and adolescents treated at two level 1 trauma centers. ⋯ Level IV—retrospective case series.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Risk-adapted approach for fever and neutropenia in paediatric cancer patients--a national multicentre study.
In this national multicentre study, we examined the safety of reducing antibiotics in selected paediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. ⋯ We showed that it is safe to shorten antibiotic treatment to 72 h in selected medium-risk patients with febrile neutropenia, regardless of the neutrophil count. The safety of withholding antibiotics in selected low-risk paediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia requires further investigation, using more suitable definitions for safety. Reduction in hospital admissions allows children with cancer more time at home and consequently improves their quality of life.
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Eur J Orthop Surg Tr · Jan 2016
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyReliability analysis of Cobb angle measurements of congenital scoliosis using X-ray and 3D-CT images.
Therapeutic decisions for congenital scoliosis rely on Cobb angle measurements on consecutive radiographs. There have been no studies documenting the variability of measuring the Cobb angle using 3D-CT images in children with congenital scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and measurement errors using X-ray images and those utilizing 3D-CT images. ⋯ Results of Cobb angle measurements in patients with congenital scoliosis using X-ray images in the frontal plane could be reproduced with almost the same measurement variance (3°-4° measurement error) using 3D-CT images. This suggests that X-ray images are clinically useful for assessing any type of congenital scoliosis about measuring the Cobb angle alone. However, since 3D-CT can provide more detailed images of the anterior and posterior components of malformed vertebrae, the volume of information that can be obtained by evaluating them has contributed greatly to the development of strategies for the surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis.